{"id":"CVE-2014-0094","aliases":["EUVD-2022-5427","GHSA-vrwc-qjmw-5rjm"],"status":"published","title":"ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","severity":{"version":"2.0","score":5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-07","score":0.99388,"percentile":0.9994,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"published":"2014-03-10T14:00:00Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:02:14Z","exploits":[{"source":"exploitdb","id":"EDB-33142","title":"Apache Struts - ClassLoader Manipulation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)","type":"remote","platform":"multiple","date":"2014-05-02","verified":true,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/33142"},{"source":"exploitdb","id":"EDB-41690","title":"Apache Struts \u003c 1.3.10 / \u003c 2.3.16.2 - ClassLoader Manipulation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)","type":"remote","platform":"multiple","date":"2014-03-06","verified":true,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41690"},{"source":"metasploit","id":"exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_classloader","title":"Apache Struts ClassLoader Manipulation Remote Code Execution","type":"exploit","platform":"Linux,Windows","date":"2014-03-06","verified":true,"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_classloader"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"HasegawaTadamitsu/CVE-2014-0094-test-program-for-struts1","title":"HasegawaTadamitsu/CVE-2014-0094-test-program-for-struts1","date":"2014-04-27","url":"https://github.com/HasegawaTadamitsu/CVE-2014-0094-test-program-for-struts1"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"y0d3n/CVE-2014-0094","title":"y0d3n/CVE-2014-0094","date":"2023-06-14","url":"https://github.com/y0d3n/CVE-2014-0094"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","fixed_in":["2.3.16.2"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core","fixed_in":["2.3.16.2"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.16.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.16.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.16.2"}]}],"versions":["2.0.11","2.0.11.1","2.0.11.2","2.0.12","2.0.14","2.0.5","2.0.6","2.0.8","2.0.9","2.1.2","2.1.6","2.1.8","2.1.8.1","2.2.1","2.2.1.1","2.2.3","2.2.3.1","2.3.1","2.3.1.1","2.3.1.2","2.3.12","2.3.14","2.3.14.1","2.3.14.2","2.3.14.3","2.3.15","2.3.15.1","2.3.15.2","2.3.15.3","2.3.16","2.3.16.1","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.4.1","2.3.7","2.3.8"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.16.2"}]}],"versions":["2.2.1","2.2.1.1","2.2.3","2.2.3.1","2.3.1","2.3.1.1","2.3.1.2","2.3.12","2.3.14","2.3.14.1","2.3.14.2","2.3.14.3","2.3.15","2.3.15.1","2.3.15.2","2.3.15.3","2.3.16","2.3.16.1","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.4.1","2.3.7","2.3.8"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"apache","product":"struts"}],"references":[{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/127215/VMware-Security-Advisory-2014-0007.html","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","web"]},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/59178","tags":["third-party-advisory","x_refsource_SECUNIA","x_transferred","Permissions Required"]},{"url":"http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2014-0007.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://www.konakart.com/downloads/ver-7-3-0-0-whats-new","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/531362/100/0/threaded","tags":["mailing-list","x_refsource_BUGTRAQ","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpuapr2015-2365600.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.huawei.com/en/security/psirt/security-bulletins/security-advisories/hw-350733.htm","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN19294237/index.html","tags":["third-party-advisory","x_refsource_JVN","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","web"]},{"url":"http://struts.apache.org/release/2.3.x/docs/s2-020.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Vendor Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2014-000045","tags":["third-party-advisory","x_refsource_JVNDB","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","web"]},{"url":"http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21676706","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://secunia.com/advisories/56440","tags":["third-party-advisory","x_refsource_SECUNIA","x_transferred","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029876","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_SECTRACK","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/532549/100/0/threaded","tags":["mailing-list","x_refsource_BUGTRAQ","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65999","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_BID","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0094","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/2e2da292166adbc78c4cb1e308b30ddb4fba6d3f","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/6315241719be167542962da436b38782ed730c62","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vrwc-qjmw-5rjm"},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2014-0094","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","status":"published","published":"2014-03-10T14:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T09:05:37.91Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:47.330011Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2022-5427","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","status":"published","published":"2014-03-10T14:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T09:05:37Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T01:57:22.992Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-vrwc-qjmw-5rjm","title":"ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-14T00:54:15Z","modified":"2023-12-28T18:41:23Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:28.753349Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2014-0094","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","status":"published","published":"2014-03-11T13:00:37.107Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:02:14.987Z","cvss":[{"version":"2.0","score":5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:02:53.710973Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-vrwc-qjmw-5rjm","title":"ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts","description":"The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to \"manipulate\" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-14T00:54:15Z","modified":"2024-12-06T05:29:45.096096Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:57.694388Z"}]}}