{"id":"CVE-2015-2877","aliases":["BELL-CVE-2015-2877","DEBIAN-CVE-2015-2877","EUVD-2015-2965","GHSA-4pm5-34cf-2v36","UBUNTU-CVE-2015-2877"],"status":"disputed","title":"** DISPUTED ** Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not...","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-08","score":0.00942,"percentile":0.61225,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-200"],"published":"2017-03-03T11:00:00Z","modified":"2026-09-09T07:00:32Z","affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpaquita:stream","package":"linux-lts","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.1.33-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"linux","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["6.1.106-1","6.1.106-2","6.1.106-3","6.1.112-1","6.1.115-1","6.1.119-1","6.1.123-1","6.1.124-1","6.1.128-1","6.1.129-1","6.1.133-1","6.1.135-1","6.1.137-1","6.1.139-1","6.1.140-1","6.1.147-1","6.1.148-1","6.1.153-1","6.1.158-1","6.1.159-1","6.1.162-1","6.1.164-1","6.1.170-1","6.1.170-2","6.1.170-3","6.1.172-1","6.1.174-1","6.1.176-1","6.1.177-1","6.1.180-1","6.1.187-1","6.1.27-1","6.1.37-1","6.1.38-1","6.1.38-2","6.1.38-2~bpo11+1","6.1.38-3","6.1.38-4","6.1.38-4~bpo11+1","6.1.52-1","6.1.55-1","6.1.55-1~bpo11+1","6.1.64-1","6.1.66-1","6.1.67-1","6.1.69-1","6.1.69-1~bpo11+1","6.1.76-1","6.1.76-1~bpo11+1","6.1.82-1","6.1.85-1","6.1.90-1","6.1.90-1~bpo11+1","6.1.94-1","6.1.94-1~bpo11+1","6.1.98-1","6.1.99-1","6.10-1~exp1","6.10.1-1~exp1","6.10.11-1","6.10.11-1~bpo12+1","6.10.12-1","6.10.3-1","6.10.4-1","6.10.6-1","6.10.6-1~bpo12+1","6.10.7-1","6.10.9-1","6.11-1~exp1","6.11.10-1","6.11.10-1~bpo12+1","6.11.2-1","6.11.4-1","6.11.5-1","6.11.5-1~bpo12+1","6.11.6-1","6.11.7-1","6.11.9-1","6.11~rc4-1~exp1","6.11~rc5-1~exp1","6.12.10-1","6.12.100-1","6.12.101-1","6.12.105-1","6.12.107-1","6.12.11-1","6.12.11-1+alpha","6.12.11-1+alpha.1","6.12.12-1","6.12.12-1~bpo12+1","6.12.13-1","6.12.15-1","6.12.16-1","6.12.17-1","6.12.19-1","6.12.20-1","6.12.21-1","6.12.22-1","6.12.22-1~bpo12+1","6.12.25-1","6.12.27-1","6.12.27-1~bpo12+1","6.12.29-1","6.12.3-1","6.12.30-1","6.12.30-1~bpo12+1","6.12.31-1","6.12.32-1","6.12.32-1~bpo12+1","6.12.33-1","6.12.33-1~bpo12+1","6.12.35-1","6.12.35-1~bpo12+1","6.12.37-1","6.12.38-1","6.12.38-1~bpo12+1","6.12.41-1","6.12.43-1","6.12.43-1~bpo12+1","6.12.48-1","6.12.5-1","6.12.57-1","6.12.57-1~bpo12+1","6.12.6-1","6.12.63-1","6.12.63-1~bpo12+1","6.12.69-1","6.12.69-1~bpo12+1","6.12.73-1","6.12.73-1~bpo12+1","6.12.74-1","6.12.74-2","6.12.74-2~bpo12+1","6.12.8-1","6.12.85-1","6.12.85-1~bpo12+1","6.12.86-1","6.12.86-1~bpo12+1","6.12.88-1","6.12.88-1~bpo12+1","6.12.9-1","6.12.9-1+alpha","6.12.9-1~bpo12+1","6.12.90-1","6.12.90-1~bpo12+1","6.12.90-2","6.12.90-2~bpo12+1","6.12.94-1","6.12.94-1~bpo12+1","6.12.95-1","6.12.95-1~bpo12+1","6.12.96-1","6.12~rc6-1~exp1","6.13.10-1~exp1","6.13.11-1~exp1","6.13.2-1~exp1","6.13.3-1~exp1","6.13.4-1~exp1","6.13.5-1~exp1","6.13.6-1~exp1","6.13.7-1~exp1","6.13.8-1~exp1","6.13.9-1~exp1","6.13~rc6-1~exp1","6.13~rc7-1~exp1","6.14.3-1~exp1","6.14.5-1~exp1","6.14.6-1~exp1","6.15-1~exp1","6.15.1-1~exp1","6.15.2-1~exp1","6.15.3-1~exp1","6.15.4-1~exp1","6.15.5-1~exp1","6.15.6-1~exp1","6.15~rc7-1~exp1","6.16-1~exp1","6.16.1-1~exp1","6.16.10-1","6.16.11-1","6.16.12-1","6.16.12-1~bpo13+1","6.16.12-2","6.16.3-1","6.16.3-1~bpo13+1","6.16.5-1","6.16.6-1","6.16.7-1","6.16.8-1","6.16.9-1","6.16~rc7-1~exp1","6.17.10-1","6.17.11-1","6.17.12-1","6.17.13-1","6.17.13-1~bpo13+1","6.17.2-1~exp1","6.17.5-1~exp1","6.17.6-1","6.17.7-1","6.17.7-2","6.17.8-1","6.17.8-1~bpo13+1","6.17.9-1","6.18.1-1~exp1","6.18.10-1","6.18.12-1","6.18.12-1~bpo13+1","6.18.13-1","6.18.14-1","6.18.15-1","6.18.15-1~bpo13+1","6.18.2-1~exp1","6.18.3-1","6.18.5-1","6.18.5-1~bpo13+1","6.18.8-1","6.18.9-1","6.18.9-1~bpo13+1","6.18~rc4-1~exp1","6.18~rc4-1~exp2","6.18~rc5-1~exp1","6.18~rc6-1~exp1","6.18~rc7-1~exp1","6.19-1~exp1","6.19.10-1","6.19.10-1~bpo13+1","6.19.11-1","6.19.11-1~bpo13+1","6.19.12-1","6.19.13-1","6.19.13-1~bpo13+1","6.19.14-1","6.19.14-1~bpo13+1","6.19.2-1~exp1","6.19.3-1~exp1","6.19.4-1~exp1","6.19.5-1~exp1","6.19.6-1","6.19.6-2","6.19.6-2~bpo13+1","6.19.8-1","6.19.8-1~bpo13+1","6.19~rc4-1~exp1","6.19~rc5-1~exp1","6.19~rc6-1~exp1","6.19~rc7-1~exp1","6.19~rc8-1~exp1","6.3.1-1~exp1","6.3.11-1","6.3.2-1~exp1","6.3.4-1~exp1","6.3.5-1~exp1","6.3.7-1","6.3.7-1~bpo12+1","6.4.1-1~exp1","6.4.11-1","6.4.13-1","6.4.4-1","6.4.4-1~bpo12+1","6.4.4-2","6.4.4-3","6.4.4-3~bpo12+1","6.4~rc6-1~exp1","6.4~rc7-1~exp1","6.5.1-1~exp1","6.5.10-1","6.5.10-1~bpo12+1","6.5.13-1","6.5.3-1","6.5.3-1~bpo12+1","6.5.6-1","6.5.8-1","6.5~rc4-1~exp1","6.5~rc6-1~exp1","6.5~rc7-1~exp1","6.6.11-1","6.6.13-1","6.6.13-1~bpo12+1","6.6.15-1","6.6.15-2","6.6.3-1~exp1","6.6.4-1~exp1","6.6.7-1~exp1","6.6.8-1","6.6.9-1","6.7-1~exp1","6.7.1-1~exp1","6.7.12-1","6.7.12-1~bpo12+1","6.7.4-1~exp1","6.7.7-1","6.7.9-1","6.7.9-2","6.8.11-1","6.8.12-1","6.8.12-1~bpo12+1","6.8.9-1","6.9.10-1","6.9.10-1~bpo12+1","6.9.11-1","6.9.12-1","6.9.2-1~exp1","6.9.7-1"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Party Advisory","VDB Entry","advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/935424","tags":["third-party-advisory","x_refsource_CERT-VN","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource","advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://www.antoniobarresi.com/files/cain_advisory.txt","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Technical Description","Third Party Advisory","advisory","article"]},{"url":"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/BGAR-A2CNKG","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/BLUU-9ZAHZH","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1252096","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory","advisory","report"]},{"url":"https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/woot15/woot15-paper-barresi.pdf","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Technical Description","Third Party Advisory","advisory","article"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2877"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4pm5-34cf-2v36"},{"url":"https://docs.bell-sw.com/security/cves/CVE-2015-2877","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2015-2877","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2015-2877","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot15/workshop-program/presentation/barresi","tags":["report"]},{"url":"http://www.antoniobarresi.com/security/cloud/2015/07/30/cain/","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2015-2877","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-2877","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2015-2877","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","status":"disputed","published":"2017-03-03T11:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T05:32:20.252Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:41.976732Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2015-2965","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","status":"published","published":"2017-03-03T11:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T05:32:20Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T02:22:10.045369Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-4pm5-34cf-2v36","title":"** DISPUTED ** Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not...","description":"** DISPUTED ** Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-13T01:25:53Z","modified":"2023-02-01T05:07:41Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"}],"cwes":["CWE-200"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:50:35.110336Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2015-2877","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","status":"disputed","published":"2017-03-03T11:59:00.147Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:24:54.56Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":2.1,"vector":"AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N","level":"low","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-200"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:03:16.97467Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"BELL-CVE-2015-2877","status":"published","published":"2017-03-03T11:59:00Z","modified":"2026-01-26T09:27:45.279061Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:13.47097Z"},{"id":"CVE-2015-2877","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","status":"published","published":"2017-03-03T11:59:00Z","modified":"2026-04-10T03:46:15.580574Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:00.594921Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2015-2877","description":"Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities","status":"published","published":"2017-03-03T11:59:00.147Z","modified":"2026-09-09T07:00:32.057225228Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:26.752992Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2015-2877","description":"** DISPUTED ** Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) in the Linux kernel 2.6.32 through 4.x does not prevent use of a write-timing side channel, which allows guest OS users to defeat the ASLR protection mechanism on other guest OS instances via a Cross-VM ASL INtrospection (CAIN) attack.  NOTE: the vendor states \"Basically if you care about this attack vector, disable deduplication.\" Share-until-written approaches for memory conservation among mutually untrusting tenants are inherently detectable for information disclosure, and can be classified as potentially misunderstood behaviors rather than vulnerabilities.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2017-03-03T11:59:00Z","modified":"2025-08-01T04:49:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"},{"version":"3.0","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:10.045446Z"}]}}