{"id":"CVE-2016-1000223","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1784943208","GHSA-gjcw-v447-2w7q","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2016-1000223"],"status":"published","title":"Forgeable Public/Private Tokens in jws","description":"Affected versions of the `jws` package allow users to select what algorithm the server will use to verify a provided JWT. A malicious actor can use this behaviour to arbitrarily modify the contents of a JWT while still passing verification. For the common use case of the JWT as a bearer token, the end result is a complete authentication bypass with minimal effort.\n\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 3.0.0 or later.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","from":"ghsa"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"published":"2020-09-01T15:23:18Z","modified":"2026-10-30T19:46:00Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"jws","fixed_in":["3.0.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/jws","fixed_in":["0.2.6-root.io.1","0.2.6-root.io.2","0.2.6-root.io.3"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"jws","fixed_in":["0.2.6-aikido.3"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"jws","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"jws","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.2.6-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.6-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["0.2.6"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"jws","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/jws","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.2.6-root.io.1"},{"fixed":"0.2.6-root.io.2"},{"fixed":"0.2.6-root.io.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"jws","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.2.6-aikido.3"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws/commit/585d0e1e97b6747c10cf5b7689ccc5618a89b299#diff-4ac32a78649ca5bdd8e0ba38b7006a1e","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://auth0.com/blog/2015/03/31/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries/"},{"url":"https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/88","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1000223","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://snyk.io/vuln/npm:jws:20160726","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gjcw-v447-2w7q"},{"url":"https://auth0.com/blog/2015/03/31/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/brianloveswords/node-jws","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-gjcw-v447-2w7q","title":"Forgeable Public/Private Tokens in jws","description":"Affected versions of the `jws` package allow users to select what algorithm the server will use to verify a provided JWT. A malicious actor can use this behaviour to arbitrarily modify the contents of a JWT while still passing verification. For the common use case of the JWT as a bearer token, the end result is a complete authentication bypass with minimal effort.\n\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 3.0.0 or later.","status":"published","published":"2020-09-01T15:23:18Z","modified":"2023-01-09T05:03:42Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:36:06.317379Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-gjcw-v447-2w7q","title":"Forgeable Public/Private Tokens in jws","description":"Affected versions of the `jws` package allow users to select what algorithm the server will use to verify a provided JWT. A malicious actor can use this behaviour to arbitrarily modify the contents of a JWT while still passing verification. For the common use case of the JWT as a bearer token, the end result is a complete authentication bypass with minimal effort.\n\n\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 3.0.0 or later.","status":"published","published":"2020-09-01T15:23:18Z","modified":"2023-11-08T03:58:07.35266Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:47.822182Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784943208","title":"TuxCare security update for jws (2 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt jws to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 0.2.6-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:49Z","modified":"2026-10-30T19:46:00.411926674Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2016-1000223","title":"CVE-2016-1000223 in @rootio/jws - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2016-1000223 in the @rootio/jws package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-04T19:49:00Z","modified":"2026-06-05T01:30:11.982254025Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.362922Z"}]}}