{"id":"CVE-2016-10131","aliases":["EUVD-2022-2023","GHSA-2pcj-76hj-xqhm"],"status":"published","title":"CodeIgniter arbitrary code execution","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in CodeIgniter before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging control over the email-\u003efrom field to insert sendmail command-line arguments.","severity":{"version":"3.0","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-08","score":0.03114,"percentile":0.87892,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-74"],"published":"2017-01-12T06:06:00Z","modified":"2026-10-22T02:45:07Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"bcit-ci/codeigniter","fixed_in":["3.1.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"bcit-ci/codeigniter","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"bcit-ci/codeigniter","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.3"}]}],"versions":["3.0.0","3.0.1","3.0.1rc","3.0.1rc2","3.0.2","3.0.3","3.0.4","3.0.5","3.0.6","3.0rc","3.0rc2","3.0rc3","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.2"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"codeigniter","product":"codeigniter"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/pull/4966","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/4963","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://gist.github.com/Zenexer/40d02da5e07f151adeaeeaa11af9ab36","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96851","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_BID","x_transferred","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10131","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.codeigniter.com/userguide3/changelog.html#bug-fixes-for-3-1-3","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/4844","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/commit/8db01f13809a92bac7bc95b02893175d7654d627","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2pcj-76hj-xqhm"},{"url":"https://github.com/codeigniter4/framework","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2016-10131","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in CodeIgniter before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging control over the email-\u003efrom field to insert sendmail command-line arguments.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-12T06:06:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T03:14:41.312Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:31.450804Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2022-2023","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in CodeIgniter before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging control over the email-\u003efrom field to insert sendmail command-line arguments.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-12T06:06:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T03:14:41Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T02:22:24.738409Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-2pcj-76hj-xqhm","title":"CodeIgniter arbitrary code execution","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in CodeIgniter before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging control over the email-\u003efrom field to insert sendmail command-line arguments.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-17T02:55:21Z","modified":"2026-07-06T15:01:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-74"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:38.48196Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2016-10131","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in CodeIgniter before 3.1.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging control over the email-\u003efrom field to insert sendmail command-line arguments.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-12T06:59:00.187Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:39:07.053Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":7.5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-74"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:03:33.686843Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2016-10131","description":"system/libraries/Email.php in 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