{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","aliases":["EUVD-2022-3161","GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"],"status":"published","title":"Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-08","score":0.96525,"percentile":0.99882,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":true,"known_exploited":true,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-77"],"published":"2016-04-26T14:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:30:58Z","kev":{"date_added":"2026-10-08","due_date":"2026-10-11","required_action":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"exploitation":[{"source":"euvd","since":"2026-10-08"},{"source":"kev","since":"2026-10-08"}],"exploits":[{"source":"metasploit","id":"exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec","title":"Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution","type":"exploit","platform":"Java,Linux,Windows","date":"2016-04-27","verified":true,"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec"},{"source":"exploitdb","id":"EDB-39756","title":"Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)","type":"remote","platform":"linux","date":"2016-05-02","verified":true,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756"},{"source":"nuclei","id":"CVE-2016-3081","title":"Apache S2-032 Struts - Remote Code Execution","type":"detection 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Party Advisory","VDB Entry","advisory"]},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Patch","Vendor Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","Broken 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via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","status":"published","published":"2016-04-26T14:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-09T03:55:30.407Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-77"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:34.094161Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2022-3161","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","status":"published","published":"2016-04-26T14:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-09T03:55:30Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"exploited_since":"2026-10-08","updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:27:25.459601Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm","title":"Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 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guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:00:15.999436Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","status":"published","published":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.207Z","modified":"2026-10-09T14:43:05.703Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"2.0","score":9.3,"vector":"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-77"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:03:23.795791Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","status":"published","published":"2016-04-26T14:59:02.207Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:30:58.581114713Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:02.114472Z"},{"id":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm","title":"Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability","description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-14T00:54:14Z","modified":"2024-02-16T08:16:46.290501Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-77"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:42.077781Z"}]}}