{"id":"CVE-2016-4461","aliases":["EUVD-2016-5450","GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj"],"status":"published","title":"Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","severity":{"version":"3.0","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-08","score":0.08085,"percentile":0.94848,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-20","CWE-74"],"published":"2017-10-16T16:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:31:03Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","fixed_in":["2.3.29"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.29"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.3.29"}]}],"versions":["2.0.11","2.0.11.1","2.0.11.2","2.0.12","2.0.14","2.0.5","2.0.6","2.0.8","2.0.9","2.1.2","2.1.6","2.1.8","2.1.8.1","2.2.1","2.2.1.1","2.2.3","2.2.3.1","2.3.1","2.3.1.1","2.3.1.2","2.3.12","2.3.14","2.3.14.1","2.3.14.2","2.3.14.3","2.3.15","2.3.15.1","2.3.15.2","2.3.15.3","2.3.16","2.3.16.1","2.3.16.2","2.3.16.3","2.3.20","2.3.20.1","2.3.20.3","2.3.24","2.3.24.1","2.3.24.3","2.3.28","2.3.28.1","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.4.1","2.3.7","2.3.8"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"apache","product":"struts"},{"vendor":"netapp","product":"oncommand_balance"}],"references":[{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91277","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_BID","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","advisory"]},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-036.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004/","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4461","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj"},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2016-4461","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-16T16:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T00:32:25.387Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:35.149563Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2016-5450","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-16T16:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T00:32:25Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T02:22:46.329763Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj","title":"Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-14T01:05:57Z","modified":"2025-04-23T02:23:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-20","CWE-74"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:40.628275Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2016-4461","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-16T16:29:00.607Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:47:36.053Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":9,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:03:39.176887Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2016-4461","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-16T16:29:00.607Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:31:03.833953397Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:02.454775Z"},{"id":"GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj","title":"Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-14T01:05:57Z","modified":"2025-04-23T03:57:12.615393Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.0","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-20","CWE-74"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:41.732368Z"}]}}