{"id":"CVE-2016-7798","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2016-7798","DLA-1421-1","DSA-3966-1","EUVD-2017-0176","GHSA-6h88-qjpv-p32m","MGASA-2016-0342","SUSE-SU-2020:1570-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2016-7798","USN-3365-1"],"status":"published","title":"OpenSSL gem for Ruby using inadequate encryption strength","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-08","score":0.03167,"percentile":0.88092,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-326"],"published":"2016-10-13T07:20:57Z","modified":"2026-10-20T13:13:21Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"openssl","fixed_in":["2.0.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","fixed_in":["3.0.1-2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","fixed_in":["3.0.1-2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","fixed_in":["3.0.1-2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-encryptor","fixed_in":["3.0.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-encryptor","fixed_in":["3.0.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-encryptor","fixed_in":["3.0.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Mageia:5","package":"ruby","fixed_in":["2.0.0.p648-1.1.mga5"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:14.04:LTS","package":"ruby1.9.1","fixed_in":["1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.3"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:14.04:LTS","package":"ruby2.0","fixed_in":["2.0.0.484-1ubuntu2.4"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:16.04:LTS","package":"ruby2.3","fixed_in":["2.3.1-2~16.04.2"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"openssl","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.1-2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.1-2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-attr-encrypted","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.1-2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-encryptor","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.0-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-encryptor","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.0-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-encryptor","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.0.0-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:8","package":"ruby2.1","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.1.5-2+deb8u4"}]}],"versions":["2.1.5-2","2.1.5-2+deb8u1","2.1.5-2+deb8u2","2.1.5-2+deb8u3"],"bundled":25},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:9","package":"ruby2.3","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.3.3-1+deb9u1"}]}],"versions":["2.3.3-1"],"bundled":7},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"openssl","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.0"}]}],"versions":["2.0.0.beta.1","2.0.0.beta.2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Mageia:5","package":"ruby","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.0.p648-1.1.mga5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"SUSE:HPE 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openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T22:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T02:04:56.02Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:36.483151Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2017-0176","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T22:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-06T02:04:56Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T02:22:31.485682Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-6h88-qjpv-p32m","title":"OpenSSL gem for Ruby using inadequate encryption strength","description":"The OpenSSL gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-24T18:33:35Z","modified":"2023-07-03T19:22:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-326"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:36:55.91458Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2016-7798","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T22:59:00.747Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:53:31.003Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-326"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:03:35.029632Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2016-7798","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T22:59:00.747Z","modified":"2026-10-20T13:13:21.888428933Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:03.171316Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2016-7798","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T22:59:00.747Z","modified":"2026-09-22T07:00:53.979828375Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:27.910042Z"},{"id":"GHSA-6h88-qjpv-p32m","title":"OpenSSL gem for Ruby using inadequate encryption strength","description":"The OpenSSL gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-10-24T18:33:35Z","modified":"2024-02-16T08:20:58.750802Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-326"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:39.618611Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2016-7798","description":"The openssl gem for Ruby uses the same initialization vector (IV) in GCM Mode (aes-*-gcm) when the IV is set before the key, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to bypass the encryption protection mechanism.","status":"published","published":"2017-01-30T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-04-22T10:58:47.453938Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:12.994319Z"},{"id":"DLA-1421-1","title":"ruby2.1 - security update","status":"published","published":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T01:00:51.935861Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:09.336894Z"},{"id":"DSA-3966-1","title":"ruby2.3 - security update","status":"published","published":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T01:22:36.98079Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:16.523846Z"},{"id":"MGASA-2016-0342","title":"Updated ruby packages fix a security vulnerability","description":"A bug in openssl module caused using an all 0 IV for AES-GCM ciphers \nin some cases (when setting a key, an iv, and then setting a key a \nagain (CVE-2016-779\n","status":"published","published":"2016-10-13T07:20:57Z","modified":"2026-04-16T06:23:16.506779406Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:49:40.103088Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2020:1570-1","title":"Security update for ruby2.1","description":"This update for ruby2.1 fixes the following issues:\n\nSecurity issues fixed:\n\n- CVE-2015-9096: Fixed an SMTP command injection via CRLFsequences in a RCPT TO or MAIL FROM command (bsc#1043983).\n- CVE-2016-7798: Fixed an IV Reuse in GCM Mode (bsc#1055265).\n- CVE-2017-0898: Fixed a buffer underrun vulnerability in Kernel.sprintf (bsc#1058755).\n- CVE-2017-0899: Fixed an issue with malicious gem specifications, insufficient sanitation when printing gem specifications could have included terminal characters (bsc#1056286).\n- CVE-2017-0900: Fixed an issue with malicious gem specifications, the query command could have led to a denial of service attack against clients (bsc#1056286).\n- CVE-2017-0901: Fixed an issue with malicious gem specifications, potentially overwriting arbitrary files on the client system (bsc#1056286).\n- CVE-2017-0902: Fixed an issue with malicious gem specifications, that could have enabled MITM attacks against clients (bsc#1056286).\n- CVE-2017-0903: Fixed an unsafe object deserialization vulnerability (bsc#1062452).\n- CVE-2017-9228: Fixed a heap out-of-bounds write in bitset_set_range() during regex compilation (bsc#1069607).\n- CVE-2017-9229: Fixed an invalid pointer dereference in left_adjust_char_head() in oniguruma (bsc#1069632).\n- CVE-2017-10784: Fixed an escape sequence injection vulnerability in the Basic authentication of WEBrick (bsc#1058754).\n- CVE-2017-14033: Fixed a buffer underrun vulnerability in OpenSSL ASN1 decode (bsc#1058757).\n- CVE-2017-14064: Fixed an arbitrary memory exposure during a JSON.generate call (bsc#1056782).\n- CVE-2017-17405: Fixed a command injection vulnerability in Net::FTP (bsc#1073002).\n- CVE-2017-17742: Fixed an HTTP response splitting issue in WEBrick (bsc#1087434).\n- CVE-2017-17790: Fixed a command injection in lib/resolv.rb:lazy_initialize() (bsc#1078782).\n- CVE-2018-6914: Fixed an unintentional file and directory creation with directory traversal in tempfile and tmpdir (bsc#1087441).\n- CVE-2018-8777: Fixed a potential DoS caused by large requests in WEBrick (bsc#1087436).\n- CVE-2018-8778: Fixed a buffer under-read in String#unpack (bsc#1087433).\n- CVE-2018-8779: Fixed an unintentional socket creation by poisoned NUL byte in UNIXServer and UNIXSocket (bsc#1087440).\n- CVE-2018-8780: Fixed an unintentional directory traversal by poisoned NUL byte in Dir (bsc#1087437).\n- CVE-2018-16395: Fixed an issue with OpenSSL::X509::Name equality checking (bsc#1112530).\n- CVE-2018-16396: Fixed an issue with tainted string handling, where the flag was not propagated in Array#pack and String#unpack with some directives (bsc#1112532).\n- CVE-2018-1000073: Fixed a path traversal issue (bsc#1082007).\n- CVE-2018-1000074: Fixed an unsafe object deserialization vulnerability in gem owner, allowing arbitrary code execution with specially crafted YAML (bsc#1082008).\n- CVE-2018-1000075: Fixed an infinite loop vulnerability due to negative size in tar header causes Denial of Service (bsc#1082014).\n- CVE-2018-1000076: Fixed an improper verification of signatures in tarballs (bsc#1082009).\n- CVE-2018-1000077: Fixed an improper URL validation in the homepage attribute of ruby gems (bsc#1082010).\n- CVE-2018-1000078: Fixed a XSS vulnerability in the homepage attribute when displayed via gem server (bsc#1082011).\n- CVE-2018-1000079: Fixed a path traversal issue during gem installation allows to write to arbitrary filesystem locations (bsc#1082058).\n- CVE-2019-8320: Fixed a directory traversal issue when decompressing tar files (bsc#1130627).\n- CVE-2019-8321: Fixed an escape sequence injection vulnerability in verbose (bsc#1130623).\n- CVE-2019-8322: Fixed an escape sequence injection vulnerability in gem owner (bsc#1130622).\n- CVE-2019-8323: Fixed an escape sequence injection vulnerability in API response handling (bsc#1130620).\n- CVE-2019-8324: Fixed an issue with malicious gems that may have led to arbitrary code execution (bsc#1130617).\n- CVE-2019-8325: Fixed an escape sequence injection vulnerability in errors (bsc#1130611).\n- CVE-2019-15845: Fixed a NUL injection vulnerability in File.fnmatch and File.fnmatch? (bsc#1152994).\n- CVE-2019-16201: Fixed a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in WEBrick's digest access authentication (bsc#1152995).\n- CVE-2019-16254: Fixed an HTTP response splitting vulnerability in WEBrick (bsc#1152992).\n- CVE-2019-16255: Fixed a code injection vulnerability in Shell#[] and Shell#test (bsc#1152990).\n- CVE-2020-10663: Fixed an unsafe object creation vulnerability in JSON (bsc#1171517).\n\nNon-security issue fixed:\n\n- Add conflicts to libruby to make sure ruby and ruby-stdlib are also updated when libruby is updated (bsc#1048072).\n\nAlso yast2-ruby-bindings on SLES 12 SP2 LTSS was updated to handle the updated ruby interpreter. (bsc#1172275)\n","status":"published","published":"2020-06-09T09:16:12Z","modified":"2026-02-04T03:07:34.074987Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:47.634847Z"},{"id":"USN-3365-1","title":"ruby1.9.1, ruby2.0, ruby2.3 vulnerabilities","description":"It was discovered that Ruby DL::dlopen incorrectly handled opening\nlibraries. An attacker could possibly use this issue to open libraries with\ntainted names. This issue only applied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2009-5147)\n\nTony Arcieri, Jeffrey Walton, and Steffan Ullrich discovered that the Ruby\nOpenSSL extension incorrectly handled hostname wildcard matching. This\nissue only applied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2015-1855)\n\nChristian Hofstaedtler discovered that Ruby Fiddle::Handle incorrectly\nhandled certain crafted strings. An attacker could use this issue to cause\na denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. This issue only\napplied to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2015-7551)\n\nIt was discovered that Ruby Net::SMTP incorrectly handled CRLF sequences. A\nremote attacker could possibly use this issue to inject SMTP commands.\n(CVE-2015-9096)\n\nMarcin Noga discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled certain arguments in\na TclTkIp class method. An attacker could possibly use this issue to\nexecute arbitrary code. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.\n(CVE-2016-2337)\n\nIt was discovered that Ruby Fiddle::Function.new incorrectly handled\ncertain arguments. An attacker could possibly use this issue to execute\narbitrary code. This issue only affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (CVE-2016-2339)\n\nIt was discovered that Ruby incorrectly handled the initialization vector\n(IV) in GCM mode. An attacker could possibly use this issue to bypass\nencryption. (CVE-2016-7798)\n","status":"published","published":"2017-07-25T17:52:34Z","modified":"2026-04-27T15:17:29.906084053Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:13.496563Z"}]}}