{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","aliases":["A-174259860","ASB-A-174259860","EUVD-2021-15327","GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2"],"status":"published","title":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU...","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.12084,"percentile":0.96179,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":true,"known_exploited":true,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-416"],"published":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-30T16:11:27Z","kev":{"date_added":"2021-11-03","due_date":"2021-11-17","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"exploitation":[{"source":"euvd","since":"2021-11-03"},{"source":"kev","since":"2021-11-03"}],"exploits":[{"source":"pocgithub","id":"lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","title":"lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","date":"2021-09-01","url":"https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Android","package":":unknown:","fixed_in":["SoCVersion:2021-05-05"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Android","package":":unknown:","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"SoCVersion:0"},{"fixed":"SoCVersion:2021-05-05"}]}],"versions":["SoCVersion"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"arm","product":"bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver"},{"vendor":"arm","product":"mali graphics processing unit (gpu)"},{"vendor":"arm","product":"midgard_gpu_kernel_driver"},{"vendor":"arm","product":"valhall_gpu_kernel_driver"}],"references":[{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","tags":["x_transferred","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","tags":["x_transferred","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","tags":["x_transferred","Exploit"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28663","tags":["government-resource","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28663"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2"},{"url":"https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-05-01","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","modified":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.291Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-416"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:08.811269Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2021-15327","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","modified":"2025-10-21T23:25:46Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"exploited_since":"2021-11-03","updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:31:25.308373Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2","title":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU...","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","status":"published","published":"2022-05-24T19:01:54Z","modified":"2025-10-22T00:33:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-416"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:04:08.198655Z"}],"kev":[{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","title":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability","description":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains a use-after-free vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to make improper operations on GPU memory to gain root privilege, and/or disclose information.","cwes":["CWE-416"],"kev":{"date_added":"2021-11-03","due_date":"2021-11-17","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:00:17.050017Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-10T15:15:07.557Z","modified":"2026-06-17T03:46:43.793Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"2.0","score":9,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-416"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:06:53.343329Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"ASB-A-174259860","description":"In kbase_mem_from_user_buffer of mali_kbase_mem_linux.c, there is a possible remapping of shared read-only memory as write-able due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-11-10T17:02:23.040266809Z","updated_at":"2026-11-09T17:04:22.742827Z"}]}}