{"id":"CVE-2021-29440","aliases":["EUVD-2021-0824","GHSA-g8r4-p96j-xfxc"],"status":"published","title":"Twig allowing dangerous PHP functions by default","description":"Grav is a file based Web-platform. Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance. The issue was addressed in version 1.7.11.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.29896,"percentile":0.98218,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-94"],"published":"2021-04-13T19:55:13Z","modified":"2026-06-17T03:47:38Z","exploits":[{"source":"exploitdb","id":"EDB-49961","title":"Grav CMS 1.7.10 - Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) (Authenticated)","type":"webapps","platform":"php","date":"2021-06-07","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49961"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"CsEnox/CVE-2021-29440","title":"CsEnox/CVE-2021-29440","date":"2021-06-06","url":"https://github.com/CsEnox/CVE-2021-29440"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"getgrav/grav","fixed_in":["1.7.11"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"getgrav/grav","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"1.7.10"},{"fixed":"1.7.11"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"getgrav/grav","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.7.11"}]}],"versions":["0.8.0","0.9.0","0.9.1","0.9.10","0.9.11","0.9.12","0.9.13","0.9.14","0.9.15","0.9.16","0.9.17","0.9.18","0.9.19","0.9.2","0.9.20","0.9.21","0.9.22","0.9.23","0.9.24","0.9.25","0.9.26","0.9.27","0.9.28","0.9.29","0.9.3","0.9.30","0.9.31","0.9.32","0.9.33","0.9.34","0.9.35","0.9.36","0.9.37","0.9.38","0.9.39","0.9.4","0.9.40","0.9.41","0.9.42","0.9.43","0.9.44","0.9.45","0.9.5","0.9.6","0.9.7","0.9.8","0.9.9","1.0.0","1.0.0-rc.1","1.0.0-rc.2","1.0.0-rc.3","1.0.0-rc.4","1.0.0-rc.5","1.0.0-rc.6","1.0.1","1.0.10","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.0.5","1.0.6","1.0.7","1.0.8","1.0.9","1.1.0","1.1.0-beta.1","1.1.0-beta.2","1.1.0-beta.3","1.1.0-beta.4","1.1.0-beta.5","1.1.0-rc.1","1.1.0-rc.2","1.1.0-rc.3","1.1.1","1.1.10","1.1.11","1.1.12","1.1.13","1.1.14","1.1.15","1.1.16","1.1.17","1.1.2","1.1.3","1.1.4","1.1.5","1.1.6","1.1.7","1.1.8","1.1.9","1.1.9-rc.1","1.1.9-rc.2","1.1.9-rc.3","1.2.0","1.2.0-rc.1","1.2.0-rc.2","1.2.0-rc.3","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.2.3","1.2.4","1.3.0","1.3.0-rc.1","1.3.0-rc.2","1.3.0-rc.3","1.3.0-rc.4","1.3.0-rc.5","1.3.1","1.3.10","1.3.2","1.3.3","1.3.4","1.3.5","1.3.6","1.3.7","1.3.8","1.3.9","1.4.0","1.4.0-beta.1","1.4.0-beta.2","1.4.0-beta.3","1.4.0-rc.1","1.4.0-rc.2","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.4.5","1.4.6","1.4.7","1.4.8","1.5.0","1.5.0-beta.1","1.5.0-beta.2","1.5.0-rc.1","1.5.1","1.5.10","1.5.2","1.5.3","1.5.4","1.5.5","1.5.6","1.5.7","1.5.8","1.5.9","1.6.0","1.6.0-beta.1","1.6.0-beta.2","1.6.0-beta.3","1.6.0-beta.4","1.6.0-beta.5","1.6.0-beta.6","1.6.0-beta.7","1.6.0-beta.8","1.6.0-rc.1","1.6.0-rc.2","1.6.0-rc.3","1.6.0-rc.4","1.6.1","1.6.10","1.6.11","1.6.12","1.6.13","1.6.14","1.6.15","1.6.16","1.6.17","1.6.18","1.6.19","1.6.2","1.6.20","1.6.21","1.6.22","1.6.23","1.6.24","1.6.25","1.6.26","1.6.27","1.6.28","1.6.29","1.6.3","1.6.30","1.6.31","1.6.4","1.6.5","1.6.6","1.6.7","1.6.8","1.6.9","1.7.0","1.7.0-beta.1","1.7.0-beta.10","1.7.0-beta.2","1.7.0-beta.3","1.7.0-beta.4","1.7.0-beta.5","1.7.0-beta.6","1.7.0-beta.7","1.7.0-beta.8","1.7.0-beta.9","1.7.0-rc.1","1.7.0-rc.10","1.7.0-rc.11","1.7.0-rc.12","1.7.0-rc.13","1.7.0-rc.14","1.7.0-rc.15","1.7.0-rc.16","1.7.0-rc.17","1.7.0-rc.18","1.7.0-rc.19","1.7.0-rc.2","1.7.0-rc.20","1.7.0-rc.3","1.7.0-rc.4","1.7.0-rc.5","1.7.0-rc.6","1.7.0-rc.7","1.7.0-rc.8","1.7.0-rc.9","1.7.1","1.7.10","1.7.3","1.7.4","1.7.5","1.7.6","1.7.7","1.7.8","1.7.9"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"getgrav","product":"grav"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-g8r4-p96j-xfxc","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://packagist.org/packages/getgrav/grav","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Product","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/162987/Grav-CMS-1.7.10-Server-Side-Template-Injection.html","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","web"]},{"url":"https://blog.sonarsource.com/grav-cms-code-execution-vulnerabilities","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29440","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g8r4-p96j-xfxc"}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-29440","title":"Twig allowing dangerous PHP functions by default","description":"Grav is a file based Web-platform. Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance. The issue was addressed in version 1.7.11.","status":"published","published":"2021-04-13T19:55:13Z","modified":"2024-08-03T22:02:51.882Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:06.658806Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2021-0824","description":"Grav is a file based Web-platform. Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance. The issue was addressed in version 1.7.11.","status":"published","published":"2021-04-13T19:55:13Z","modified":"2024-08-03T22:02:51Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:24:45.541615Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-g8r4-p96j-xfxc","title":"Grav's Twig processing allowing dangerous PHP functions by default","description":"### Impact\n\nTwig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. \nAs the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue was addressed by preventing dangerous functions from being called in Twig templates. A configuration option has been added to manually allow arbitrary PHP functions (`system.twig.safe_functions`) and filters (`system.twig.safe_filters`). \n\nFutures major versions of Grav may disable this functionality by default. \n\n### Workarounds\n\nBlocking access to the `/admin` path from untrusted sources will reduce the probability of exploitation. \n\n### References\n\n- https://portswigger.net/research/server-side-template-injection\n- https://blog.sonarsource.com/grav-cms-code-execution-vulnerabilities\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, you can contact:\n  - The original reporters, by sending an email to vulnerability.research [at] sonarsource.com;\n  - The maintainers, by opening an issue on this repository.","status":"published","published":"2021-04-16T19:53:12Z","modified":"2023-01-29T05:02:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:36:25.064927Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-29440","description":"Grav is a file based Web-platform. Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance. The issue was addressed in version 1.7.11.","status":"published","published":"2021-04-13T20:15:22.36Z","modified":"2026-06-17T03:47:38.757Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":6.5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:06:51.610648Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-g8r4-p96j-xfxc","title":"Grav's Twig processing allowing dangerous PHP functions by default","description":"### Impact\n\nTwig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. \nAs the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue was addressed by preventing dangerous functions from being called in Twig templates. A configuration option has been added to manually allow arbitrary PHP functions (`system.twig.safe_functions`) and filters (`system.twig.safe_filters`). \n\nFutures major versions of Grav may disable this functionality by default. \n\n### Workarounds\n\nBlocking access to the `/admin` path from untrusted sources will reduce the probability of exploitation. \n\n### References\n\n- https://portswigger.net/research/server-side-template-injection\n- https://blog.sonarsource.com/grav-cms-code-execution-vulnerabilities\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, you can contact:\n  - The original reporters, by sending an email to vulnerability.research [at] sonarsource.com;\n  - The maintainers, by opening an issue on this repository.","status":"published","published":"2021-04-16T19:53:12Z","modified":"2026-05-04T08:45:55.155955489Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:47.472172Z"}]}}