{"id":"CVE-2021-33564","aliases":["EUVD-2021-1341","GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx"],"status":"published","title":"Dragonfly contains remote code execution vulnerability","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.72143,"percentile":0.9944,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-88","CWE-94"],"published":"2021-05-29T13:19:16Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:54:44Z","exploits":[{"source":"nuclei","id":"CVE-2021-33564","title":"Ruby Dragonfly \u003c1.4.0 - Remote Code Execution","type":"detection template","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2021/CVE-2021-33564.yaml"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"dorkerdevil/CVE-2021-33564","title":"dorkerdevil/CVE-2021-33564","date":"2021-05-27","url":"https://github.com/dorkerdevil/CVE-2021-33564"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564","title":"mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564","date":"2021-05-25","url":"https://github.com/mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"dragonfly","fixed_in":["1.4.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"dragonfly","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.4.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"dragonfly","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.4.0"}]}],"versions":["0.1.0","0.1.1","0.1.4","0.1.5","0.1.6","0.2.1","0.3.0","0.3.2","0.3.3","0.3.4","0.3.5","0.3.6","0.3.7","0.3.8","0.4.0","0.4.1","0.4.2","0.4.3","0.4.4","0.5.0","0.5.1","0.5.2","0.5.3","0.5.4","0.5.5","0.5.6","0.5.7","0.6.0","0.6.1","0.6.2","0.7.0","0.7.1","0.7.2","0.7.3","0.7.4","0.7.5","0.7.6","0.7.7","0.8.0","0.8.1","0.8.2","0.8.4","0.8.5","0.8.6","0.9.0","0.9.1","0.9.10","0.9.11","0.9.12","0.9.13","0.9.14","0.9.15","0.9.2","0.9.3","0.9.4","0.9.5","0.9.8","0.9.9","1.0","1.0.1","1.0.10","1.0.11","1.0.12","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.0.5","1.0.6","1.0.7","1.0.8","1.0.9","1.1.0","1.1.1","1.1.2","1.1.3","1.1.4","1.1.5","1.2.0","1.2.1","1.3.0"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"dragonfly_project","product":"dragonfly"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/issues/513","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory","report","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/commit/25399297bb457f7fcf8e3f91e85945b255b111b5","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/markevans/dragonfly/compare/v1.3.0...v1.4.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/master/cves/2021/CVE-2021-33564.yaml","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","evidence","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/mlr0p/CVE-2021-33564","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","evidence","web"]},{"url":"https://zxsecurity.co.nz/research/argunment-injection-ruby-dragonfly/","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","evidence"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33564","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/dragonfly/CVE-2021-33564.yml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://zxsecurity.co.nz/research/argunment-injection-ruby-dragonfly","tags":["web"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-33564","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-29T13:19:16Z","modified":"2024-08-03T23:50:43.164Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:10.555814Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2021-1341","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-29T13:19:16Z","modified":"2024-08-03T23:50:43Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:24:34.304953Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx","title":"Dragonfly contains remote code execution vulnerability","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the `verify_url` option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","status":"published","published":"2021-06-02T21:42:49Z","modified":"2023-08-25T21:02:51Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-88","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:00.680009Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-33564","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. 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The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","status":"published","published":"2021-05-29T14:15:08.51Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:54:44.688009452Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:20.13324Z"},{"id":"GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx","title":"Dragonfly contains remote code execution vulnerability","description":"An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the `verify_url` option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.","status":"published","published":"2021-06-02T21:42:49Z","modified":"2024-02-16T08:14:53.365593Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-88","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:49.977351Z"}]}}