{"id":"CVE-2021-41106","aliases":["EUVD-2021-2000","GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hf"],"status":"published","title":"File reference keys leads to incorrect hashes on HMAC algorithms","description":"JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00205,"percentile":0.10635,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-345"],"published":"2021-09-28T20:50:11Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:54:58Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","fixed_in":["3.4.6","4.0.4","4.1.5"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.4.0"},{"fixed":"3.4.6"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.0.0"},{"fixed":"4.0.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.1.5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.4.0"},{"fixed":"3.4.6"}]}],"versions":["3.4.0","3.4.1","3.4.2","3.4.3","3.4.4","3.4.5"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.0.0"},{"fixed":"4.0.4"}]}],"versions":["4.0.0","4.0.1","4.0.2","4.0.3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"lcobucci/jwt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.1.5"}]}],"versions":["4.1.0","4.1.1","4.1.2","4.1.3","4.1.4"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"golang-jwt","product":"jwt"},{"vendor":"lcobucci","product":"jwt"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hf","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/8175de5b841fbe3fd97d2d49b3fc15c4ecb39a73","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/c45bb8b961a8e742d8f6b88ef5ff1bd5cca5d01c","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41106","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/lcobucci/jwt/CVE-2021-41106.yaml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hf"},{"url":"https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-41106","title":"File reference keys leads to incorrect hashes on HMAC algorithms","description":"JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.","status":"published","published":"2021-09-28T20:50:11Z","modified":"2024-08-04T02:59:31.511Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:59.430294Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2021-2000","description":"JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.","status":"published","published":"2021-09-28T20:50:11Z","modified":"2024-08-04T02:59:31Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:24:19.242491Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hf","title":"File reference keys leads to incorrect hashes on HMAC algorithms","description":"### Impact\n\nUsers of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents.\n\nThe HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, people are lead to believe that everything works properly.\n\n### Patches\n\nAll versions have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUse `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of your keys:\n\n```diff\n-use Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference;\n+use Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory;\n\n-$key = LocalFileReference::file(__DIR__ . '/public-key.pem');\n+$key = InMemory::file(__DIR__ . '/public-key.pem');\n```","status":"published","published":"2021-09-29T17:09:40Z","modified":"2024-02-06T13:11:35Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:36.076201Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-41106","description":"JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.","status":"published","published":"2021-09-28T21:15:07.37Z","modified":"2026-06-17T04:07:53.187Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","level":"low","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":2.1,"vector":"AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N","level":"low","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:06:59.314106Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2021-41106","description":"JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.","status":"published","published":"2021-09-28T21:15:07.37Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:54:58.416315949Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:21.249056Z"},{"id":"GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hf","title":"File reference keys leads to incorrect hashes on HMAC algorithms","description":"### Impact\n\nUsers of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents.\n\nThe HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, people are lead to believe that everything works properly.\n\n### Patches\n\nAll versions have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` as the alternative.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUse `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of your keys:\n\n```diff\n-use Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\LocalFileReference;\n+use Lcobucci\\JWT\\Signer\\Key\\InMemory;\n\n-$key = LocalFileReference::file(__DIR__ . '/public-key.pem');\n+$key = InMemory::file(__DIR__ . '/public-key.pem');\n```","status":"published","published":"2021-09-29T17:09:40Z","modified":"2026-07-08T06:27:26.757295012Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:40.308826Z"}]}}