{"id":"CVE-2021-44731","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731","DSA-5080-1","EUVD-2021-31546","GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc","UBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731","USN-5292-1","USN-5292-2","USN-5292-3"],"status":"published","title":"snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00952,"percentile":0.61616,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-362"],"published":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:30:22Z","exploits":[{"source":"pocgithub","id":"deeexcee-io/CVE-2021-44731-snap-confine-SUID","title":"deeexcee-io/CVE-2021-44731-snap-confine-SUID","date":"2023-07-09","url":"https://github.com/deeexcee-io/CVE-2021-44731-snap-confine-SUID"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3+14.04~esm1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3+16.04~esm2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:18.04:LTS","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3+18.04"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:20.04:LTS","package":"snapd","fixed_in":["2.54.3+20.04.1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:10","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.37.4-1+deb10u1"}]}],"versions":["2.37.4-1"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:11","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.49-1+deb11u1"}]}],"versions":["2.49-1"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3+14.04~esm1"}]}],"versions":["2.21~14.04.2","2.22.2~14.04","2.22.3~14.04","2.22.6~14.04","2.23.1~14.04","2.24.1~14.04","2.25~14.04","2.26.10~14.04","2.27.5~14.04","2.28.5~14.04","2.29.4.2~14.04","2.32.3.2~14.04","2.32.9~14.04","2.33.1~14.04","2.34.2~14.04","2.34.2~14.04.1","2.37.4~14.04.1","2.38~14.04"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3+16.04~esm2"}]}],"versions":["1.9","1.9.1.1","1.9.2","2.0","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.5","2.0.8","2.0.9","2.0.10","2.11+0.16.04","2.12+0.16.04","2.13","2.14.2~16.04","2.15.2ubuntu1","2.16ubuntu3","2.17.1ubuntu1","2.20.1ubuntu1","2.21","2.22.2","2.22.3","2.22.6","2.23.1","2.24.1","2.25","2.26.10","2.27.5","2.28.5","2.29.4.2","2.32.3.2","2.32.9","2.33.1ubuntu2","2.34.2","2.34.2ubuntu0.1","2.37.4","2.37.4ubuntu0.1","2.38","2.39.2","2.39.2ubuntu0.2","2.40","2.42.1","2.45.1","2.45.1ubuntu0.2","2.46.1","2.47.1","2.48","2.48.3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:18.04:LTS","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3+18.04"}]}],"versions":["2.28.5+17.10","2.29.4.1+18.04","2.29.4.2+18.04","2.31.1+18.04","2.32+18.04~pre5","2.32+18.04~pre6","2.32+18.04","2.32.3.2+18.04","2.32.5+18.04","2.32.8+18.04","2.32.9+18.04","2.33.1+18.04ubuntu2","2.34.2+18.04","2.34.2+18.04.1","2.37.1+18.04","2.37.1.1+18.04","2.37.4+18.04","2.37.4+18.04.1","2.38+18.04","2.39.2+18.04","2.40+18.04","2.42.1+18.04","2.45.1+18.04","2.45.1+18.04.2","2.46.1+18.04","2.47.1+18.04","2.48+18.04","2.48.3+18.04","2.49.2+18.04","2.51.1+18.04","2.54.2+18.04ubuntu1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:20.04:LTS","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3+20.04.1"}]}],"versions":["2.41+19.10.1","2.42.1+20.04","2.43.3+git1.8109f8","2.44~pre1+20.04","2.44+20.04","2.44.2+20.04","2.44.3+20.04","2.45.1+20.04","2.45.1+20.04.2","2.46.1+20.04","2.47.1+20.04","2.48+20.04","2.48.3+20.04","2.49.2+20.04","2.51.1+20.04ubuntu2","2.54.2+20.04ubuntu2","2.54.3+20.04"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:18.04:LTS","package":"snapd","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.54.3+18.04"}]}],"versions":["2.28.5+17.10","2.29.4.1+18.04","2.29.4.2+18.04","2.31.1+18.04","2.32+18.04~pre5","2.32+18.04~pre6","2.32+18.04","2.32.3.2+18.04","2.32.5+18.04","2.32.8+18.04","2.32.9+18.04","2.33.1+18.04ubuntu2","2.34.2+18.04","2.34.2+18.04.1","2.37.1+18.04","2.37.1.1+18.04","2.37.4+18.04","2.37.4+18.04.1","2.38+18.04","2.39.2+18.04","2.40+18.04","2.42.1+18.04","2.45.1+18.04","2.45.1+18.04.2","2.46.1+18.04","2.47.1+18.04","2.48+18.04","2.48.3+18.04","2.49.2+18.04","2.51.1+18.04"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ltd.","product":"snapd"},{"vendor":"debian","product":"debian_linux"},{"vendor":"fedoraproject","product":"fedora"}],"references":[{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-1","tags":["x_transferred","Patch","Vendor Advisory","fix","advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/18/2","tags":["mailing-list","x_transferred","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3QTBN7LLZISXIA4KU4UKDR27Q5PXDS2U/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_transferred","web"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XCGHG6LJAVJJ72TMART6A7N4Z6MSTGI7/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_transferred","web"]},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5080","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_transferred","Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory","report"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/23/1","tags":["mailing-list","x_transferred","Exploit","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","evidence"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/23/2","tags":["mailing-list","x_transferred","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/11/30/2","tags":["mailing-list","x_transferred","Exploit","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","evidence"]},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/4","tags":["mailing-list","x_transferred","Exploit","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","evidence"]},{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/170176/snap-confine-must_mkdir_and_open_with_perms-Race-Condition.html","tags":["x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry","evidence"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44731"},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3QTBN7LLZISXIA4KU4UKDR27Q5PXDS2U/"},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XCGHG6LJAVJJ72TMART6A7N4Z6MSTGI7/"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc"},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-44731","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-44731","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/17/2","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/snapcore/snapd/commit/f3f669d720ed8b0bcb73da7789843bf43b5c16cf","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44731","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-3","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-2","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-3155","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-4120","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-44730","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-44731","title":"snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-04T04:32:12.887Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-362"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:01.166399Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2021-31546","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-04T04:32:12Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:08:28.560815Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc","title":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount...","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-19T00:01:39Z","modified":"2023-02-02T05:01:22Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-362"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:51:10.253822Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-44731","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T23:15:07.473Z","modified":"2026-06-17T04:12:46.47Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":6.9,"vector":"AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-362"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:07:04.6896Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2021-44731","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T23:15:07.473Z","modified":"2026-10-24T10:30:22.426956459Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:21.877444Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T23:15:07.473Z","modified":"2026-10-23T18:03:39.100836154Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:35.799676Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731","description":"A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T17:00:00Z","modified":"2026-02-04T04:29:24.597578Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:29.220315Z"},{"id":"DSA-5080-1","title":"snapd - security update","status":"published","published":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T02:09:51.957535Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:17.543497Z"},{"id":"USN-5292-1","title":"snapd vulnerabilities","description":"James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for\nthe snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose\nsensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)\n\nIan Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces\nand layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject\narbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access\nrestrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)\n\nThe Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the\nlocation of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this\nissue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges.\n(CVE-2021-44730)\n\nThe Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd\nsnap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A\nlocal attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and\nexecute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)\n","status":"published","published":"2022-02-17T17:24:49Z","modified":"2026-02-10T04:42:29Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:15.683829Z"},{"id":"USN-5292-2","title":"snapd vulnerabilities","description":"USN-5292-1 fixed vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the\ncorresponding update for the riscv64 architecture.\n\nOriginal advisory details:\n\n James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for\n the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose\n sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)\n \n Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces\n and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject\n arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access\n restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)\n \n The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the\n location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this\n issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges.\n (CVE-2021-44730)\n \n The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd\n snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A\n local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and\n execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)\n","status":"published","published":"2022-02-18T01:07:38Z","modified":"2026-02-10T04:42:29Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:15.683829Z"},{"id":"USN-5292-3","title":"snapd vulnerabilities","description":"USN-5292-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the\ncorresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 ESM and Ubuntu 16.04 ESM.\n\nOriginal advisory details:\n\n James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for\n the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose\n sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)\n \n Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces\n and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject\n arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access\n restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)\n \n The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the\n location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this\n issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges.\n (CVE-2021-44730)\n \n The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd\n snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A\n local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and\n execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)\n","status":"published","published":"2022-02-18T02:21:20Z","modified":"2026-06-29T13:49:35.695684972Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:15.683829Z"}]}}