{"id":"CVE-2021-46320","aliases":["EUVD-2022-0912","GHSA-88g8-f5mf-f5rj","GHSA-9c22-pwxw-p6hx"],"status":"published","title":"Improper Initialization in OpenZeppelin","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.01217,"percentile":0.68817,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-665"],"published":"2021-12-14T21:47:33Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:56Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","fixed_in":["4.4.1"],"sources":["ghsa"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.4.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.4.1"}]}],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0"},{"fixed":"4.4.1"}]}],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0"},{"fixed":"4.4.1"}]}],"bundled":2}],"products":[{"vendor":"openzeppelin","product":"openzeppelin"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-9c22-pwxw-p6hx","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46320","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/3006","tags":["fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.4.1","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-88g8-f5mf-f5rj"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2022/39xxx/CVE-2022-39384.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39384","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2021-46320","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-04T11:35:52Z","modified":"2024-08-04T05:02:11.583Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:33:02.930115Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2022-0912","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-04T11:35:52Z","modified":"2024-08-04T05:02:11Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:08:23.591313Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-88g8-f5mf-f5rj","title":"Improper Initialization in OpenZeppelin","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-05T00:00:31Z","modified":"2023-02-03T05:05:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-665"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:36:42.703723Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2021-46320","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-04T12:15:07.623Z","modified":"2026-06-17T04:14:43.983Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"2.0","score":5,"vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-665"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:07:04.178977Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2021-46320","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-04T12:15:07.623Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:55:09.495137448Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:22.18434Z"},{"id":"CVE-2022-39384","title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts initializer reentrancy may lead to double initialization","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Before version 4.4.1 but after 3.2.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible in the scenario described above, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution. Note that upgradeable proxies are commonly initialized together with contract creation, where reentrancy is not feasible, so the impact of this issue is believed to be minor. This issue has been patched, please upgrade to version 4.4.1. As a workaround, avoid untrusted external calls during initialization.","status":"published","published":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:56.603834213Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.6,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-665"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:26.860704Z"},{"id":"GHSA-88g8-f5mf-f5rj","title":"Improper Initialization in OpenZeppelin","description":"In OpenZeppelin \u003c=v4.4.0, initializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call. Once an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.","status":"published","published":"2022-02-05T00:00:31Z","modified":"2026-07-16T03:56:17.546633851Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-665"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:42.077781Z"},{"id":"GHSA-9c22-pwxw-p6hx","title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts initializer reentrancy may lead to double initialization","description":"### Impact\n\nInitializer functions that are invoked separate from contract creation (the most prominent example being minimal proxies) may be reentered if they make an untrusted non-view external call.\n\nOnce an initializer has finished running it can never be re-executed. However, an exception put in place to support multiple inheritance made reentrancy possible in the scenario described above, breaking the expectation that there is a single execution.\n\nNote that upgradeable proxies are commonly initialized together with contract creation, where reentrancy is not feasible, so the impact of this issue is believed to be minor.\n\n### Patches\n\nA fix is included in the version v4.4.1 of `@openzeppelin/contracts` and `@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAvoid untrusted external calls during initialization.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/3006\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was identified and reported by @chaitinblockchain through [our bug bounty on Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/bounty/openzeppelin/).\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, or need assistance executing the mitigation, email us at security@openzeppelin.com.\n","status":"published","published":"2021-12-14T21:47:33Z","modified":"2026-07-16T03:59:27.534685008Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.6,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-665"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:43.524801Z"}]}}