{"id":"CVE-2022-35961","aliases":["EUVD-2022-6478","GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h"],"status":"published","title":"ECDSA signature malleability in OpenZeppelin Contracts","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00453,"percentile":0.39802,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-354"],"published":"2022-08-14T00:05:09Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:55Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","fixed_in":["4.7.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","fixed_in":["4.7.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.7.3"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.7.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.7.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0"},{"fixed":"4.7.3"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openzeppelin","product":"contracts"},{"vendor":"openzeppelin","product":"contracts_upgradeable"},{"vendor":"openzeppelin","product":"openzeppelin-contracts"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/3610","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","Third Party Advisory","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.7.3","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Release Notes","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35961","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/d693d89d99325f395182e4f547dbf5ff8e5c3c87","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2022/35xxx/CVE-2022-35961.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2022-35961","title":"ECDSA signature malleability in OpenZeppelin Contracts","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","status":"published","published":"2022-08-14T00:05:09Z","modified":"2025-04-23T17:50:36.577Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-354"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:34:39.935681Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2022-6478","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","status":"published","published":"2022-08-14T00:05:09Z","modified":"2025-04-23T17:50:36Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:52:10.363195Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts vulnerable to ECDSA signature malleability","description":"### Impact\n\nThe functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments.\n\nThe potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in 4.7.3.\n\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, or need assistance deploying a fix, email us at [security@openzeppelin.com](mailto:security@openzeppelin.com).\n","status":"published","published":"2022-08-18T19:00:43Z","modified":"2023-02-02T05:07:36Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-354"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:36:41.247728Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2022-35961","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","status":"published","published":"2022-08-15T11:21:39.937Z","modified":"2026-06-17T04:52:36.397Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-354"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:07:25.242752Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2022-35961","title":"ECDSA signature malleability in OpenZeppelin Contracts","description":"OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. The functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments. The potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection. The issue has been patched in 4.7.3.","status":"published","published":"2022-08-14T00:05:09Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:55.44562171Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-354"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:26.195407Z"},{"id":"GHSA-4h98-2769-gh6h","title":"OpenZeppelin Contracts vulnerable to ECDSA signature malleability","description":"### Impact\n\nThe functions `ECDSA.recover` and `ECDSA.tryRecover` are vulnerable to a kind of signature malleability due to accepting EIP-2098 compact signatures in addition to the traditional 65 byte signature format. This is only an issue for the functions that take a single `bytes` argument, and not the functions that take `r, v, s` or `r, vs` as separate arguments.\n\nThe potentially affected contracts are those that implement signature reuse or replay protection by marking the signature itself as used rather than the signed message or a nonce included in it. A user may take a signature that has already been submitted, submit it again in a different form, and bypass this protection.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in 4.7.3.\n\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, or need assistance deploying a fix, email us at [security@openzeppelin.com](mailto:security@openzeppelin.com).\n","status":"published","published":"2022-08-18T19:00:43Z","modified":"2023-11-08T04:09:54.445546Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-354"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:37.148947Z"}]}}