{"id":"CVE-2023-22483","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2023-22483","EUVD-2023-26630","GHSA-29g3-96g3-jg6c","RSEC-2023-8","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-22483","USN-7319-1"],"status":"published","title":"cmark-gfm Quadratic complexity bugs may lead to a denial of service","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.01085,"percentile":0.65519,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-400","CWE-407"],"published":"2023-01-23T22:36:14Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:55Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"cmark-gfm","fixed_in":["0.29.0.gfm.13-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"cmark-gfm","fixed_in":["0.29.0.gfm.13-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"python-cmarkgfm","fixed_in":["2024.11.20-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"python-cmarkgfm","fixed_in":["2024.11.20-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"r-cran-commonmark","fixed_in":["1.9.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"r-cran-commonmark","fixed_in":["1.9.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-commonmarker","fixed_in":["0.23.10-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-commonmarker","fixed_in":["0.23.10-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","fixed_in":["0.29.0.gfm.3-3ubuntu0.1~esm1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","fixed_in":["0.29.0.gfm.6-6ubuntu0.24.04.1~esm1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.29.0.gfm.13-1","0.29.0.gfm.13-2","0.29.0.gfm.13-3","0.29.0.gfm.13-4","0.29.0.gfm.13-7","0.29.0.gfm.13-7.1","0.29.0.gfm.6-6"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.13-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.13-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"python-cmarkgfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.8.0-3","2024.11.20-1","2025.10.22-1","2025.10.22-2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"python-cmarkgfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2024.11.20-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"python-cmarkgfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2024.11.20-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"r-cran-commonmark","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["1.8.1-1","1.9.0-1","1.9.1-1","1.9.2-1","1.9.2-2","1.9.5-1","2.0.0-1","2.0.0-2","2.0.0-3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"r-cran-commonmark","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.9.0-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"r-cran-commonmark","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.9.0-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-commonmarker","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.23.10-1","0.23.6-1","0.23.9-1","2.10.0-1","2.10.0-2","2.10.1-1","2.8.3-1","2.8.3-2","2.8.3-3","2.8.3-4"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"ruby-commonmarker","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.23.10-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"ruby-commonmarker","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.23.10-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"CRAN","package":"commonmark","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.2"},{"fixed":"1.9.2"}]}],"versions":["0.2","0.4","0.5","0.6","0.7","0.8","0.9","1.0","1.1","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.7","1.8","1.9","1.9.1","1.8.0","1.8.1","1.9.0"],"bundled":7},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.28.3.gfm.20-3","0.29.0.gfm.0-3","0.29.0.gfm.0-4","0.29.0.gfm.0-4ubuntu0.1~esm1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.3-3ubuntu0.1~esm1"}]}],"versions":["0.29.0.gfm.0-6","0.29.0.gfm.2-1","0.29.0.gfm.2-1+really.0.29.0.gfm.0ubuntu1","0.29.0.gfm.2-2","0.29.0.gfm.3-3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.6-6ubuntu0.24.04.1~esm1"}]}],"versions":["0.29.0.gfm.6-6","0.29.0.gfm.6-6build1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.0-4ubuntu0.1~esm1"}]}],"versions":["0.28.3.gfm.20-3","0.29.0.gfm.0-3","0.29.0.gfm.0-4"],"bundled":5},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.3-3ubuntu0.1~esm1"}]}],"versions":["0.29.0.gfm.0-6","0.29.0.gfm.2-1","0.29.0.gfm.2-1+really.0.29.0.gfm.0ubuntu1","0.29.0.gfm.2-2","0.29.0.gfm.3-3"],"bundled":5},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"cmark-gfm","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.29.0.gfm.6-6ubuntu0.24.04.1~esm1"}]}],"versions":["0.29.0.gfm.6-6","0.29.0.gfm.6-6build1"],"bundled":5}],"products":[{"vendor":"github","product":"cmark-gfm"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm/security/advisories/GHSA-29g3-96g3-jg6c","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","advisory","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/22xxx/CVE-2023-22483.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22483","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-22483","tags":["advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-37463","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-26485","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-24824","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-22486","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-22485","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-22484","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/r-lib/commonmark/issues/26","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-22483","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-22483","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7319-1","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2022-39209","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-22484","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-22486","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-26485","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-22483","title":"cmark-gfm Quadratic complexity bugs may lead to a denial of service","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T22:36:14.574Z","modified":"2025-03-10T21:21:03.509Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:15.779187Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-26630","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T22:36:14Z","modified":"2025-03-10T21:21:03Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:53:08.584552Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-22483","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T23:15:10.307Z","modified":"2026-06-17T05:35:33.493Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-400","CWE-407"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:07:46.064662Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2023-22483","title":"cmark-gfm Quadratic complexity bugs may lead to a denial of service","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T22:36:14.574Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:55.094720684Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:30.334753Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2023-22483","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T23:15:10.307Z","modified":"2026-10-26T18:01:21.19668781Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:39.369204Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2023-22483","description":"cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-01-23T23:15:00Z","modified":"2026-04-22T14:02:02.144191Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":3.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:54:20.198616Z"},{"id":"RSEC-2023-8","title":"Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerabilities","description":"cmark-gfm, GitHub's extended version of the CommonMark library in C, suffers from multiple vulnerabilities affecting versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.12. Various issues, including polynomial time complexity in multiple components like autolink extension, handle_close_bracket, and parsing of certain text patterns (leading `\u003e`, `-`, `_`), may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and denial of service. An out-of-bounds read in the `validate_protocol` function was also identified but is considered less harmful. Patches are available in versions 0.29.0.gfm.7, 0.29.0.gfm.10, and 0.29.0.gfm.12. Upgrading is advised, and users unable to upgrade should validate input from trusted sources.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-06T05:00:00.6Z","modified":"2025-05-19T19:43:48.265479Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:39.492624Z"},{"id":"USN-7319-1","title":"cmark-gfm vulnerabilities","description":"It was discovered that cmark-gfm's autolink extension did not correctly\nhandle parsing large inputs. An attacker could possibly use this issue\nto cause a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 20.04 LTS\nand Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. (CVE-2022-39209)\n\nIt was discovered that cmark-gfm did not correctly handle parsing large\ninputs. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause a denial of\nservice. This issue only affected Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and\nUbuntu 24.10. (CVE-2023-22483)\n\nIt was discovered that cmark-gfm did not correctly handle parsing large\ninputs. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause a denial of\nservice. This issue only affected Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and Ubuntu 24.10.\n(CVE-2023-22484)\n\nIt was discovered that cmark-gfm did not correctly handle parsing large\ninputs. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause a denial of\nservice. (CVE-2023-22486, CVE-2023-26485)\n","status":"published","published":"2025-03-03T23:22:29Z","modified":"2026-04-27T17:47:00.261453Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:19.988474Z"}]}}