{"id":"CVE-2023-32198","aliases":["EUVD-2023-60719","GHSA-95fc-g4gj-mqmx","GO-2025-3648","openSUSE-SU-2025:15059-1"],"status":"published","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks","description":"A vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00329,"percentile":0.26318,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-295"],"published":"2025-04-25T15:12:44Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:33Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","fixed_in":["0.2.1","0.4.4","0.5.13","0.3.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.2.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.4.0"},{"fixed":"0.4.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.5.0"},{"fixed":"0.5.13"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.3.0"},{"fixed":"0.3.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.2.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.3.0"},{"fixed":"0.3.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.4.0"},{"fixed":"0.4.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.5.0"},{"fixed":"0.5.13"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/rancher/steve","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.2.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"},{"introduced":"0.4.0"},{"fixed":"0.4.4"},{"introduced":"0.5.0"},{"fixed":"0.5.13"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"openSUSE:Tumbleweed","package":"govulncheck-vulndb","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.0.20250506T153719-1.1"}]}],"bundled":12}],"products":[{"vendor":"steve-community","product":"steve"},{"vendor":"suse","product":"steve"}],"references":[{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2023-32198","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rancher/steve/security/advisories/GHSA-95fc-g4gj-mqmx","tags":["advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3648","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-95fc-g4gj-mqmx"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/32xxx/CVE-2023-32198.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32198","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rancher/steve","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/HNV7O7SNYYY4AFS5HKAPLITKK3B57LE7/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-11243","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-32198","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-22031","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-23390","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32777","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3879","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4166","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4210","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46327","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46342","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46569","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46599","tags":["web"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-32198","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks","description":"A vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T08:22:47.085Z","modified":"2026-10-15T19:58:21.837Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:29.01154Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-60719","description":"A vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T08:22:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T19:58:21Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:00:10.305867Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-95fc-g4gj-mqmx","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks","description":"### Impact\nA vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.\n\nFor example, Rancher relies on Steve as a dependency for its user interface (UI) to proxy requests to Kubernetes clusters. Users who have the permission to create a service in Rancher’s local cluster can take over Rancher’s UI and display their own UI to gather sensitive information. This is only possible when the setting `ui-offline-preferred` is manually set to `remote` (by default Rancher sets it to `dynamic`). This enables further attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS), or tampering the UI to collect passwords from other users etc.\n\nPlease consult the associated  [MITRE ATT\u0026CK - Technique - Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/) for further information about this category of attack.\n\n### Patches\nPatched versions of Steve include releases `v0.2.1`, `v0.3.3`, `v0.4.4` and `v0.5.13`.\n\nThis vulnerability is addressed by changing Steve to always verify a server’s certificate based on Go’s TLS settings.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf you can't upgrade to a fixed version, please make sure that you are only using Steve to connect to trusted servers.\n\n### References\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n- Reach out to the [SUSE Rancher Security team](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/policy) for security related inquiries.\n- Open an issue in the [Rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/new/choose) repository.\n- Verify with our [support matrix](https://www.suse.com/suse-rancher/support-matrix/all-supported-versions/) and [product support lifecycle](https://www.suse.com/lifecycle/).","status":"published","published":"2025-04-25T15:12:44Z","modified":"2025-05-05T22:02:02Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:42.263728Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-32198","description":"A vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T09:17:13.847Z","modified":"2026-10-16T19:55:59.74Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:09:27.733183Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2023-32198","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks","description":"A vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T08:22:47.085Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:33.240234864Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:31.790231Z"},{"id":"GHSA-95fc-g4gj-mqmx","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks","description":"### Impact\nA vulnerability has been identified in Steve where by default it was using an insecure option that did not validate the certificate presented by the remote server while performing a TLS connection. This could allow the execution of a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against services using Steve.\n\nFor example, Rancher relies on Steve as a dependency for its user interface (UI) to proxy requests to Kubernetes clusters. Users who have the permission to create a service in Rancher’s local cluster can take over Rancher’s UI and display their own UI to gather sensitive information. This is only possible when the setting `ui-offline-preferred` is manually set to `remote` (by default Rancher sets it to `dynamic`). This enables further attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS), or tampering the UI to collect passwords from other users etc.\n\nPlease consult the associated  [MITRE ATT\u0026CK - Technique - Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/) for further information about this category of attack.\n\n### Patches\nPatched versions of Steve include releases `v0.2.1`, `v0.3.3`, `v0.4.4` and `v0.5.13`.\n\nThis vulnerability is addressed by changing Steve to always verify a server’s certificate based on Go’s TLS settings.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf you can't upgrade to a fixed version, please make sure that you are only using Steve to connect to trusted servers.\n\n### References\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n- Reach out to the [SUSE Rancher Security team](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/policy) for security related inquiries.\n- Open an issue in the [Rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/new/choose) repository.\n- Verify with our [support matrix](https://www.suse.com/suse-rancher/support-matrix/all-supported-versions/) and [product support lifecycle](https://www.suse.com/lifecycle/).","status":"published","published":"2025-04-25T15:12:44Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:23.729352496Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:43.123867Z"},{"id":"GO-2025-3648","title":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks in github.com/rancher/stev","description":"Steve doesn’t verify a server’s certificate and is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks in github.com/rancher/stev.\n\nNOTE: The source advisory for this report contains additional versions that could not be automatically mapped to standard Go module versions.\n\n(If this is causing false-positive reports from vulnerability scanners, please suggest an edit to the report.)\n\nThe additional affected modules and versions are: github.com/rancher/steve from v0.3.0 before v0.3.3.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-05T16:13:00Z","modified":"2026-06-19T12:44:20.882104275Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:01.728182Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2025:15059-1","title":"govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20250506T153719-1.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20250506T153719-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:53:21.981835Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:37.399567Z"}]}}