{"id":"CVE-2023-32323","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2023-32323","DEBIAN-CVE-2023-32323","EUVD-2023-0139","GHSA-f3wc-3vxv-xmvr","PYSEC-2023-67","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-32323"],"status":"published","title":"Synapse Outgoing federation to specific hosts can be disabled by sending malicious invites","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00981,"percentile":0.62559,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-20"],"published":"2023-05-24T17:28:26Z","modified":"2026-11-03T06:32:42Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"matrix-synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.18","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.19","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.20","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.21","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.22","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.23","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.24","package":"synapse","fixed_in":["1.74.0-r0"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"matrix-synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.18","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.19","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.20","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.21","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.22","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.23","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.24","package":"synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"matrix-synapse","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.74.0"}]}],"versions":["0.33.5","0.33.5.1","0.33.6","0.33.6rc1","0.33.7","0.33.7rc1","0.33.7rc2","0.33.8","0.33.8rc2","0.33.9","0.34.0","0.34.0.1","0.34.0rc1","0.34.0rc2","0.34.1.1","0.99.0","0.99.0rc1","0.99.0rc2","0.99.0rc3","0.99.0rc4","0.99.1","0.99.1.1","0.99.1rc1","0.99.1rc2","0.99.2","0.99.2rc1","0.99.3","0.99.3.1","0.99.3.2","0.99.3rc1","0.99.4","0.99.4rc1","0.99.5","0.99.5.1","0.99.5.2","0.99.5rc1","1.0.0","1.0.0rc1","1.0.0rc2","1.0.0rc3","1.1.0","1.1.0rc1","1.1.0rc2","1.10.0","1.10.0rc1","1.10.0rc2","1.10.0rc3","1.10.0rc5","1.10.1","1.11.0","1.11.0rc1","1.11.1","1.12.0","1.12.0rc1","1.12.1","1.12.1rc1","1.12.2","1.12.3","1.12.4","1.12.4rc1","1.13.0","1.13.0rc1","1.13.0rc2","1.13.0rc3","1.14.0","1.14.0rc1","1.14.0rc2","1.15.0","1.15.0rc1","1.15.1","1.15.2","1.16.0","1.16.0rc1","1.16.0rc2","1.16.1","1.17.0","1.17.0rc1","1.18.0","1.18.0rc1","1.18.0rc2","1.19.0","1.19.0rc1","1.19.1","1.19.1rc1","1.19.2","1.19.3","1.2.0","1.2.0rc1","1.2.0rc2","1.2.1","1.20.0","1.20.0rc1","1.20.0rc2","1.20.0rc3","1.20.0rc4","1.20.0rc5","1.20.1","1.21.0","1.21.0rc1","1.21.0rc2","1.21.0rc3","1.21.1","1.21.2","1.22.0","1.22.0rc1","1.22.0rc2","1.22.1","1.23.0","1.23.0rc1","1.23.1","1.24.0","1.24.0rc1","1.24.0rc2","1.25.0","1.25.0rc1","1.26.0","1.26.0rc1","1.26.0rc2","1.27.0","1.27.0rc1","1.27.0rc2","1.28.0","1.28.0rc1","1.29.0","1.29.0rc1","1.3.0","1.3.0rc1","1.3.1","1.30.0","1.30.0rc1","1.30.1","1.31.0","1.31.0rc1","1.32.0","1.32.0rc1","1.32.1","1.32.2","1.33.0","1.33.0rc1","1.33.0rc2","1.33.1","1.33.2","1.34.0","1.34.0rc1","1.35.0","1.35.0rc1","1.35.0rc2","1.35.0rc3","1.35.1","1.36.0","1.36.0rc1","1.36.0rc2","1.37.0","1.37.0rc1","1.37.1","1.37.1rc1","1.38.0","1.38.0rc1","1.38.0rc2","1.38.0rc3","1.38.1","1.39.0","1.39.0rc1","1.39.0rc2","1.39.0rc3","1.4.0","1.4.0rc1","1.4.0rc2","1.4.1","1.4.1rc1","1.40.0","1.40.0rc1","1.40.0rc2","1.40.0rc3","1.41.0","1.41.0rc1","1.41.1","1.42.0","1.42.0rc1","1.42.0rc2","1.43.0","1.43.0rc1","1.43.0rc2","1.44.0","1.44.0rc1","1.44.0rc2","1.44.0rc3","1.45.0","1.45.0rc1","1.45.0rc2","1.45.1","1.46.0","1.46.0rc1","1.47.0","1.47.0rc1","1.47.0rc2","1.47.0rc3","1.47.1","1.48.0","1.48.0rc1","1.49.0","1.49.0rc1","1.49.2","1.5.0","1.5.0rc1","1.5.0rc2","1.5.1","1.50.0","1.50.0rc1","1.50.0rc2","1.50.1","1.50.2","1.51.0","1.51.0rc1","1.51.0rc2","1.52.0","1.52.0rc1","1.53.0","1.53.0rc1","1.54.0","1.54.0rc1","1.55.0","1.55.0rc1","1.55.1","1.55.2","1.56.0","1.56.0rc1","1.57.0","1.57.0rc1","1.57.1","1.58.0","1.58.0rc2","1.58.1","1.59.0","1.59.0rc1","1.59.0rc2","1.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wc-3vxv-xmvr","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14492","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Exploit","Issue Tracking","report","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/14642","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UJIJRP5ZH6B3KGFLHCAKR2IX2Y4Z25QD/","tags":["x_transferred","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32323","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/matrix-synapse/PYSEC-2023-67.yaml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UJIJRP5ZH6B3KGFLHCAKR2IX2Y4Z25QD","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f3wc-3vxv-xmvr"},{"url":"https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-32323","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/32xxx/CVE-2023-32323.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-32323","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-32323","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32323","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-32323","title":"Synapse Outgoing federation to specific hosts can be disabled by sending malicious invites","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T13:32:01.632Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:50:32.31Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:29.01154Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-0139","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T13:32:01Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:50:32Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T00:03:50.427692Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-f3wc-3vxv-xmvr","title":"Synapse Outgoing federation to specific hosts can be disabled by sending malicious invites","description":"### Impact\n\nA malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y.\n\nSynapse instances with federation disabled are not affected.\n\n#### Details\n\nThe Matrix protocol allows homeservers to provide an `invite_room_state` field on a [room invite](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.5/client-server-api/#mroommember) containing a [summary of room state](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.5/client-server-api/#stripped-state).  In versions of Synapse up to and including v1.73.0, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event.\n\nAn attacker with an account on a vulnerable Synapse homeserver X could exploit this by having X create an over-sized invite event in a room with a user from another homeserver Y. Once acknowledged by the invitee's homeserver, the invite event would be sent in a batch of events to Y. If the malicious invite is so large that the entire batch is rejected as too large, X's outgoing traffic to Y would become \"stuck\", meaning that messages and state events created by X would remain unseen by Y.\n\n### Patches\n\nSynapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no robust workarounds.\n\nThis attack needs an account on Synapse homeserver X to deny federation from X to another homeserver Y. As a partial mitigation, Synapse operators can disable open registration to limit the ability of attackers to create new accounts on homeserver X.\n\nIf homeserver X has been attacked in this way, restarting it will resume outgoing federation by entering \"catchup mode\". For catchup mode to ignore the oversized invites, every attacked room must have a correctly-sized event sent by X which is newer than any oversized invite. This is difficult to arrange, and does not prevent the attacker from repeating their attack.\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14492 was caused by this issue.\n- https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14642  includes the patch described above.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, e-mail us at [security@matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).","status":"published","published":"2023-05-24T17:28:26Z","modified":"2024-09-24T15:31:52Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:05.526697Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-32323","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T14:15:10.827Z","modified":"2026-06-17T05:58:34.297Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:08:03.200773Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"ALPINE-CVE-2023-32323","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T14:15:10.827Z","modified":"2026-11-03T06:32:42.818388104Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T07:17:02.90744Z"},{"id":"CVE-2023-32323","title":"Synapse Outgoing federation to specific hosts can be disabled by sending malicious invites","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T13:32:01.632Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:44.128485063Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:31.790231Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2023-32323","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2023-05-26T14:15:10.827Z","modified":"2026-08-11T20:49:50.089746997Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:39.679062Z"},{"id":"GHSA-f3wc-3vxv-xmvr","title":"Synapse Outgoing federation to specific hosts can be disabled by sending malicious invites","description":"### Impact\n\nA malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y.\n\nSynapse instances with federation disabled are not affected.\n\n#### Details\n\nThe Matrix protocol allows homeservers to provide an `invite_room_state` field on a [room invite](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.5/client-server-api/#mroommember) containing a [summary of room state](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.5/client-server-api/#stripped-state).  In versions of Synapse up to and including v1.73.0, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event.\n\nAn attacker with an account on a vulnerable Synapse homeserver X could exploit this by having X create an over-sized invite event in a room with a user from another homeserver Y. Once acknowledged by the invitee's homeserver, the invite event would be sent in a batch of events to Y. If the malicious invite is so large that the entire batch is rejected as too large, X's outgoing traffic to Y would become \"stuck\", meaning that messages and state events created by X would remain unseen by Y.\n\n### Patches\n\nSynapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no robust workarounds.\n\nThis attack needs an account on Synapse homeserver X to deny federation from X to another homeserver Y. As a partial mitigation, Synapse operators can disable open registration to limit the ability of attackers to create new accounts on homeserver X.\n\nIf homeserver X has been attacked in this way, restarting it will resume outgoing federation by entering \"catchup mode\". For catchup mode to ignore the oversized invites, every attacked room must have a correctly-sized event sent by X which is newer than any oversized invite. This is difficult to arrange, and does not prevent the attacker from repeating their attack.\n\n### References\n\n- https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14492 was caused by this issue.\n- https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14642  includes the patch described above.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, e-mail us at [security@matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).","status":"published","published":"2023-05-24T17:28:26Z","modified":"2025-02-13T19:13:53.959033Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-20"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:45.639885Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2023-32323","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T14:15:00Z","modified":"2025-09-08T16:56:19Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:54:20.997471Z"},{"id":"PYSEC-2023-67","description":"Synapse is an open-source Matrix homeserver written and maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. A malicious user on a Synapse homeserver X with permission to create certain state events can disable outbound federation from X to an arbitrary homeserver Y. Synapse instances with federation disabled are not affected. In versions of Synapse up to and including 1.73, Synapse did not limit the size of `invite_room_state`, meaning that it was possible to create an arbitrarily large invite event. Synapse 1.74 refuses to create oversized `invite_room_state` fields. Server operators should upgrade to Synapse 1.74 or newer urgently.\n\n","status":"published","published":"2023-05-26T14:15:00Z","modified":"2023-11-08T04:12:34.841195Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:53.837392Z"}]}}