{"id":"CVE-2023-36478","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2023-36478","BIT-jenkins-2023-36478","DEBIAN-CVE-2023-36478","DLA-3641-1","DSA-5540-1","EUVD-2023-2828","GHSA-wgh7-54f2-x98r","SUSE-SU-2023:4210-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-36478","openSUSE-SU-2024:13329-1"],"status":"published","title":"HTTP/2 HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.04832,"percentile":0.92116,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400"],"published":"2023-10-10T16:53:07Z","modified":"2026-11-03T06:32:42Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http2:http2-hpack","fixed_in":["10.0.16","11.0.16","9.4.53"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http3:http3-qpack","fixed_in":["10.0.16","11.0.16"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.17","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.18","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.19","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.20","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.21","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.22","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.23","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.24","package":"jetty-runner","fixed_in":["9.4.53.20231009-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","package":"jenkins","fixed_in":["2.428.0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"jetty9","fixed_in":["9.4.50-4+deb12u2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"jetty9","fixed_in":["9.4.53-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"jetty9","fixed_in":["9.4.53-1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http2:http2-hpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"10.0.0"},{"last_affected":"10.0.15"},{"fixed":"10.0.16"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http2:http2-hpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"11.0.0"},{"last_affected":"11.0.15"},{"fixed":"11.0.16"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http3:http3-qpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"10.0.0"},{"last_affected":"10.0.15"},{"fixed":"10.0.16"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http3:http3-qpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"11.0.0"},{"last_affected":"11.0.15"},{"fixed":"11.0.16"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.eclipse.jetty.http2:http2-hpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"9.3.0"},{"last_affected":"9.4.52"},{"fixed":"9.4.53"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.17","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.18","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.19","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.20","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.21","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.22","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.23","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.24","package":"jetty-runner","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53.20231009-r0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Bitnami","package":"jenkins","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.428.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"jetty9","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.50-4+deb12u2"}]}],"versions":["9.4.50-4","9.4.50-4+deb12u1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"jetty9","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"jetty9","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.53-1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:10","package":"jetty9","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"9.4.50-4+deb10u1"}]}],"versions":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Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/pull/9634","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Issue Tracking","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-10.0.16","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Release Notes","article","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-11.0.16","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Release Notes","article","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-9.4.53.v20231009","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Release Notes","article","web","report"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/4","tags":["x_transferred","Mailing List","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00045.html","tags":["x_transferred","Mailing 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HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T16:53:07.063Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:56:19.08Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:27.810438Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-2828","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T16:53:07Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:56:19Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T00:03:50.021705Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-wgh7-54f2-x98r","title":"HTTP/2 HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"An integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. \n\nIn `MetaDataBuilder.java`, the following code determines if a header name or value\nexceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded:\n\n```java\n291 public void checkSize(int length, boolean huffman) throws SessionException\n292 {\n293 // Apply a huffman fudge factor\n294 if (huffman)\n295 length = (length * 4) / 3;\n296 if ((_size + length) \u003e _maxSize)\n297 throw new HpackException.SessionException(\"Header too large %d \u003e %d\",\n_size + length, _maxSize);\n298 }\n```\n\nHowever, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. (_size+length) will now be negative, and\nthe check on line 296 will not be triggered.\n\nFurthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be\nnegative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the\nuser-entered size is multiplied by 2.\n\nIn `MetaDataBuilder.java`, the following code determines if a header name or value\nexceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded:\n\n```java\npublic void checkSize(int length, boolean huffman) throws SessionException\n{\n// Apply a huffman fudge factor\nif (huffman)\nlength = (length * 4) / 3;\nif ((_size + length) \u003e _maxSize)\nthrow new HpackException.SessionException(\"Header too large %d \u003e %d\", _size\n+ length, _maxSize);\n}\n```\n\nHowever, no exception is thrown in the case of a negative size.\nLater, in `Huffman.decode`, the user-entered length is multiplied by 2 before allocating a buffer:\n\n```java\npublic static String decode(ByteBuffer buffer, int length) throws\nHpackException.CompressionException\n{\nUtf8StringBuilder utf8 = new Utf8StringBuilder(length * 2);\n// ...\n```\n\nThis means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length\nvalue which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a\nvery large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large\nbuffer to be allocated on the server.\n\n\n### Exploit Scenario 1\nAn attacker repeatedly sends HTTP messages with the HPACK header 0x00ffffffffff02.\nEach time this header is decoded:\n+ `HpackDecode.decode` will determine that a Huffman-coded value of length\n805306494 needs to be decoded.\n+ `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` will approve this length.\n+ Huffman.decode will allocate a 1.6 GB string array.\n+ Huffman.decode will have a buffer overflow error, and the array will be deallocated\nthe next time garbage collection happens. (Note: this can be delayed by appending\nvalid huffman-coded characters to the end of the header.)\n\nDepending on the timing of garbage collection, the number of threads, and the amount of\nmemory available on the server, this may cause the server to run out of memory.\n\n\n### Exploit Scenario 2\nAn attacker repeatedly sends HTTP messages with the HPACK header 0x00ff8080ffff0b. Each\ntime this header is decoded:\n + HpackDecode.decode will determine that a Huffman-coded value of length\n-1073758081 needs to be decoded\n +  MetaDataBuilder.checkSize will approve this length\n + The number will be multiplied by 2 to get 2147451134, and Huffman.decode will\nallocate a 2.1 GB string array\n + Huffman.decode will have a buffer overflow error, and the array will be deallocated\nthe next time garbage collection happens (Note that this deallocation can be\ndelayed by adding valid Huffman-coded characters to the end of the header)\n\nDepending on the timing of garbage collection, the number of threads, and the amount of\nmemory available on the server, this may cause the server to run out of memory.\n\n### Impact\nUsers of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in Jetty 10.0.16 and Jetty 11.0.16\nFixed in Jetty 9.4.53\nJetty 12.x is unaffected.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workarounds possible, only patched versions of Jetty.\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/pull/9634","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T21:16:23Z","modified":"2025-10-16T14:25:02Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-190"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:01.677422Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-36478","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T17:15:11.737Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:06:21.22Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:08:36.656095Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"ALPINE-CVE-2023-36478","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T17:15:11.737Z","modified":"2026-11-03T06:32:42.959794614Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T07:17:02.90744Z"},{"id":"CVE-2023-36478","title":"HTTP/2 HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T16:53:07.063Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:06.063010763Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:32.510144Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2023-36478","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to exceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295 will overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T17:15:11.737Z","modified":"2026-10-26T18:02:19.188885062Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:39.980321Z"},{"id":"GHSA-wgh7-54f2-x98r","title":"HTTP/2 HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"An integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. \n\nIn `MetaDataBuilder.java`, the following code determines if a header name or value\nexceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded:\n\n```java\n291 public void checkSize(int length, boolean huffman) throws SessionException\n292 {\n293 // Apply a huffman fudge factor\n294 if (huffman)\n295 length = (length * 4) / 3;\n296 if ((_size + length) \u003e _maxSize)\n297 throw new HpackException.SessionException(\"Header too large %d \u003e %d\",\n_size + length, _maxSize);\n298 }\n```\n\nHowever, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. (_size+length) will now be negative, and\nthe check on line 296 will not be triggered.\n\nFurthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be\nnegative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the\nuser-entered size is multiplied by 2.\n\nIn `MetaDataBuilder.java`, the following code determines if a header name or value\nexceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded:\n\n```java\npublic void checkSize(int length, boolean huffman) throws SessionException\n{\n// Apply a huffman fudge factor\nif (huffman)\nlength = (length * 4) / 3;\nif ((_size + length) \u003e _maxSize)\nthrow new HpackException.SessionException(\"Header too large %d \u003e %d\", _size\n+ length, _maxSize);\n}\n```\n\nHowever, no exception is thrown in the case of a negative size.\nLater, in `Huffman.decode`, the user-entered length is multiplied by 2 before allocating a buffer:\n\n```java\npublic static String decode(ByteBuffer buffer, int length) throws\nHpackException.CompressionException\n{\nUtf8StringBuilder utf8 = new Utf8StringBuilder(length * 2);\n// ...\n```\n\nThis means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length\nvalue which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a\nvery large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large\nbuffer to be allocated on the server.\n\n\n### Exploit Scenario 1\nAn attacker repeatedly sends HTTP messages with the HPACK header 0x00ffffffffff02.\nEach time this header is decoded:\n+ `HpackDecode.decode` will determine that a Huffman-coded value of length\n805306494 needs to be decoded.\n+ `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` will approve this length.\n+ Huffman.decode will allocate a 1.6 GB string array.\n+ Huffman.decode will have a buffer overflow error, and the array will be deallocated\nthe next time garbage collection happens. (Note: this can be delayed by appending\nvalid huffman-coded characters to the end of the header.)\n\nDepending on the timing of garbage collection, the number of threads, and the amount of\nmemory available on the server, this may cause the server to run out of memory.\n\n\n### Exploit Scenario 2\nAn attacker repeatedly sends HTTP messages with the HPACK header 0x00ff8080ffff0b. Each\ntime this header is decoded:\n + HpackDecode.decode will determine that a Huffman-coded value of length\n-1073758081 needs to be decoded\n +  MetaDataBuilder.checkSize will approve this length\n + The number will be multiplied by 2 to get 2147451134, and Huffman.decode will\nallocate a 2.1 GB string array\n + Huffman.decode will have a buffer overflow error, and the array will be deallocated\nthe next time garbage collection happens (Note that this deallocation can be\ndelayed by adding valid Huffman-coded characters to the end of the header)\n\nDepending on the timing of garbage collection, the number of threads, and the amount of\nmemory available on the server, this may cause the server to run out of memory.\n\n### Impact\nUsers of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in Jetty 10.0.16 and Jetty 11.0.16\nFixed in Jetty 9.4.53\nJetty 12.x is unaffected.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workarounds possible, only patched versions of Jetty.\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/pull/9634","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T21:16:23Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:08.942440958Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-190"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:58.767335Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2023-36478","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to exceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295 will overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T17:15:00Z","modified":"2025-10-24T05:02:07Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:54:21.882004Z"},{"id":"BIT-jenkins-2023-36478","title":"HTTP/2 HPACK integer overflow and buffer allocation","description":"Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to\nexceed their size limit. `MetaDataBuilder.java` determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295\nwill overflow, and length will become negative. `(_size+length)` will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, `MetaDataBuilder.checkSize` allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-06T10:55:21.994Z","modified":"2026-09-08T08:47:58.223243351Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:31.42203Z"},{"id":"DLA-3641-1","title":"jetty9 - security update","status":"published","published":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T01:21:19.737369Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:12.203458Z"},{"id":"DSA-5540-1","title":"jetty9 - security update","status":"published","published":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T02:09:03.988904Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:17.892347Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2024:13329-1","title":"jetty-annotations-9.4.53-1.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the jetty-annotations-9.4.53-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-02-04T02:59:29.247654Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:36.327643Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2023:4210-1","title":"Security update for jetty-minimal","description":"This update for jetty-minimal fixes the following issues:\n\n- Updated to version 9.4.53.v20231009:\n\n  - CVE-2023-44487: Fixed a potential denial of service scenario via\n    RST frame floods (bsc#1216169).\n  - CVE-2023-36478: Fixed an integer overflow in the HTTP/2 HPACK\n    decoder (bsc#1216162).\n  - CVE-2023-40167: Fixed a permissive HTTP header parsing issue that\n    could potentially lead to HTTP smuggling attacks (bsc#1215417).\n  - CVE-2023-36479: Fixed an incorrect command execution when sending\n    requests with certain characters in requested filenames\n    (bsc#1215415).\n  - CVE-2023-41900: Fixed an issue where an invalidated session would\n    be allowed to perform a single request (bsc#1215416).\n","status":"published","published":"2023-10-26T08:26:33Z","modified":"2026-02-04T03:26:32.540625Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:53.865042Z"}]}}