{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","aliases":["EUVD-2023-46450","GHSA-fj3m-2r8f-m4x9"],"status":"published","title":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7, OS...","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.1338,"percentile":0.96473,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":true,"known_exploited":true,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-295"],"published":"2023-09-21T18:23:48Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:23:13Z","kev":{"date_added":"2023-09-25","due_date":"2023-10-16","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"exploitation":[{"source":"euvd","since":"2023-09-25"},{"source":"kev","since":"2023-09-25"}],"exploits":[{"source":"pocgithub","id":"itsgiddd/CVE-2023-41991","title":"itsgiddd/CVE-2023-41991","date":"2023-11-28","url":"https://github.com/itsgiddd/CVE-2023-41991"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"dmytrozykov/appsign","title":"dmytrozykov/appsign","date":"2025-03-18","url":"https://github.com/dmytrozykov/appsign"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"lambertse/CoreTrust-bypass","title":"lambertse/CoreTrust-bypass","date":"2026-10-15","url":"https://github.com/lambertse/CoreTrust-bypass"}],"products":[{"vendor":"apple","product":"ios and ipados"},{"vendor":"apple","product":"ipados"},{"vendor":"apple","product":"iphone_os"},{"vendor":"apple","product":"macos"},{"vendor":"apple","product":"multiple products"}],"references":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927","tags":["x_transferred","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931","tags":["x_transferred","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991","tags":["government-resource","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929"},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213926"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Sep/14"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Sep/15"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Sep/16"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Sep/17"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Sep/19"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Oct/5"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fj3m-2r8f-m4x9"}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-09-21T18:23:48.974Z","modified":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.55Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:18.88314Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-46450","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-09-21T18:23:48Z","modified":"2025-11-04T19:21:39Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"exploited_since":"2023-09-25","updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:49:22.047381Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-fj3m-2r8f-m4x9","title":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7, OS...","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7, OS 17.0.1 and iPadOS 17.0.1, watchOS 9.6.3, macOS Ventura 13.6, watchOS 10.0.1. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-09-21T21:31:00Z","modified":"2025-11-04T21:30:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:04:35.540979Z"}],"kev":[{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","title":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability","description":"Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.","cwes":["CWE-295"],"kev":{"date_added":"2023-09-25","due_date":"2023-10-16","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","known_ransomware_use":"Unknown"},"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:00:16.234141Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","status":"published","published":"2023-09-21T19:15:11.283Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:23:13.087Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"},{"version":"3.1","score":5.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-295"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:08:29.595868Z"}]}}