{"id":"CVE-2023-50428","aliases":["EUVD-2023-55220","GHSA-9x7v-86jh-jjch"],"status":"disputed","title":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits...","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"primary","from":"nvd"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00779,"percentile":0.56175,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"published":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:45Z","products":[{"vendor":"bitcoin","product":"bitcoin_core"},{"vendor":"bitcoinknots","product":"bitcoin_knots"}],"references":[{"url":"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures","tags":["x_transferred","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://twitter.com/LukeDashjr/status/1732204937466032285","tags":["x_transferred","Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28408#issuecomment-1844981799","tags":["x_transferred","Issue Tracking","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bitcoinknots/bitcoin/blob/aed49ce8989334c364a219a6eb016a3897d4e3d7/doc/release-notes.md","tags":["x_transferred","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tags","tags":["x_transferred","Product","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/65c05db660b2ca1d0076b0d8573a6760b3228068/src/kernel/mempool_options.h#L46-L53","tags":["x_transferred","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50428","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9x7v-86jh-jjch"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/50xxx/CVE-2023-50428.json","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2023-50428","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","status":"disputed","published":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-02T22:16:46.327Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:35:34.923818Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2023-55220","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","status":"published","published":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","modified":"2024-08-02T22:16:46Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:49:55.131895Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-9x7v-86jh-jjch","title":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits...","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023.","status":"published","published":"2023-12-09T21:30:29Z","modified":"2024-01-13T05:05:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:55:24.514817Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2023-50428","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","status":"disputed","published":"2023-12-09T19:15:07.977Z","modified":"2026-06-17T06:39:36.327Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:08:54.010507Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2023-50428","description":"In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it \"not a bug.\"","status":"published","published":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:45.078143232Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:35.245372Z"}]}}