{"id":"CVE-2024-28123","aliases":["EUVD-2024-0852","GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq"],"status":"published","title":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","description":"Wasmi is an efficient and lightweight WebAssembly interpreter with a focus on constrained and embedded systems. In the WASMI Interpreter, an Out-of-bounds Buffer Write will arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm. This vulnerability was patched in version 0.31.1.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00798,"percentile":0.56946,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-787"],"published":"2024-03-07T17:26:27Z","modified":"2026-11-11T10:30:47Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"wasmi","fixed_in":["0.31.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"wasmi","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.15.0"},{"last_affected":"0.31.0"},{"fixed":"0.31.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"wasmi","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.15.0"},{"fixed":"0.31.1"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"wasmi-labs","product":"wasmi"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/security/advisories/GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/commit/f7b3200e9f3dc9e2cbca966cb255c228453c792f","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/releases/tag/v0.31.1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28123","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2024/28xxx/CVE-2024-28123.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28123","title":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","description":"Wasmi is an efficient and lightweight WebAssembly interpreter with a focus on constrained and embedded systems. In the WASMI Interpreter, an Out-of-bounds Buffer Write will arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm. This vulnerability was patched in version 0.31.1.\n","status":"published","published":"2024-03-08T21:29:53.555Z","modified":"2024-08-05T18:14:48.975Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:34:18.597034Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2024-0852","description":"Wasmi is an efficient and lightweight WebAssembly interpreter with a focus on constrained and embedded systems. In the WASMI Interpreter, an Out-of-bounds Buffer Write will arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm. This vulnerability was patched in version 0.31.1.\n","status":"published","published":"2024-03-08T21:29:53Z","modified":"2024-08-05T18:14:48Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T02:23:22.6605Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq","title":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","description":"### Summary\n\nIn the WASMI Interpreter, an [Out-of-bounds Buffer Write](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html) will arise arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm.\n\n### Impact\n\nAfter conducting an analysis of the dependent Polkadot systems of `wasmi`: [Pallet Contracts](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/substrate/frame/contracts), [Parity Signer](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-signer), and [Smoldot](https://github.com/smol-dot/smoldot), we have found that none on those systems have been affected by the issue as they are calling host to Wasm function with a small limited amount of parameters always. \n\n### Mitigations\n\nIf you are using `wasmi` betwen version 0.15.0 and 0.31.0, please update it to the [0.31.1](https://github.com/paritytech/wasmi/releases/tag/v0.31.1) patch release that we just published.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEnsure no more than 128 parameters can be pass in a call from the host to a Wasm function. \n\n### References\n\nPatch PR: \u003cPR\u003e\n\n### Special thanks\n\nSpecial thanks to Stellar Development Foundation for reporting this security vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-07T17:26:27Z","modified":"2025-06-04T00:35:10Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:45.948817Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28123","description":"Wasmi is an efficient and lightweight WebAssembly interpreter with a focus on constrained and embedded systems. In the WASMI Interpreter, an Out-of-bounds Buffer Write will arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm. This vulnerability was patched in version 0.31.1.\n","status":"published","published":"2024-03-21T02:52:23.827Z","modified":"2026-06-17T07:21:00.827Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:09:43.052376Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28123","title":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","description":"Wasmi is an efficient and lightweight WebAssembly interpreter with a focus on constrained and embedded systems. In the WASMI Interpreter, an Out-of-bounds Buffer Write will arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm. This vulnerability was patched in version 0.31.1.\n","status":"published","published":"2024-03-08T21:29:53.555Z","modified":"2026-11-11T10:30:47.909975269Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-11T11:06:28.337192Z"},{"id":"GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq","title":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","description":"### Summary\n\nIn the WASMI Interpreter, an [Out-of-bounds Buffer Write](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html) will arise arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm.\n\n### Impact\n\nAfter conducting an analysis of the dependent Polkadot systems of `wasmi`: [Pallet Contracts](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/substrate/frame/contracts), [Parity Signer](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-signer), and [Smoldot](https://github.com/smol-dot/smoldot), we have found that none on those systems have been affected by the issue as they are calling host to Wasm function with a small limited amount of parameters always. \n\n### Mitigations\n\nIf you are using `wasmi` betwen version 0.15.0 and 0.31.0, please update it to the [0.31.1](https://github.com/paritytech/wasmi/releases/tag/v0.31.1) patch release that we just published.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEnsure no more than 128 parameters can be pass in a call from the host to a Wasm function. \n\n### References\n\nPatch PR: \u003cPR\u003e\n\n### Special thanks\n\nSpecial thanks to Stellar Development Foundation for reporting this security vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-07T17:26:27Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:10.185937807Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:40.657155Z"}]}}