{"id":"CVE-2024-28199","aliases":["EUVD-2024-0782","GHSA-242p-4v39-2v8g"],"status":"published","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex","description":"phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00604,"percentile":0.49177,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-79"],"published":"2024-03-11T22:50:38Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:24Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","fixed_in":["1.9.1","1.8.2","1.7.1","1.6.2","1.5.2","1.4.1","1.3.3","1.2.2","1.1.1","1.0.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.9.0"},{"last_affected":"1.9.0"},{"fixed":"1.9.1"}]}],"versions":["1.9.0"]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.8.0"},{"fixed":"1.8.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.7.0"},{"last_affected":"1.7.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.1"}]}],"versions":["1.7.0"]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.6.0"},{"fixed":"1.6.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.5.0"},{"fixed":"1.5.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.4.0"},{"last_affected":"1.4.0"},{"fixed":"1.4.1"}]}],"versions":["1.4.0"]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.3.0"},{"fixed":"1.3.3"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.2.0"},{"fixed":"1.2.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.1.0"},{"last_affected":"1.1.0"},{"fixed":"1.1.1"}]}],"versions":["1.1.0"]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.0.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.9.0"},{"fixed":"1.9.1"}]}],"versions":["1.9.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.8.0"},{"fixed":"1.8.2"}]}],"versions":["1.8.0","1.8.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.7.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.1"}]}],"versions":["1.7.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.6.0"},{"fixed":"1.6.2"}]}],"versions":["1.6.0","1.6.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.5.0"},{"fixed":"1.5.2"}]}],"versions":["1.5.0","1.5.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.4.0"},{"fixed":"1.4.1"}]}],"versions":["1.4.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.3.0"},{"fixed":"1.3.3"}]}],"versions":["1.3.0","1.3.1","1.3.2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.2.0"},{"fixed":"1.2.2"}]}],"versions":["1.2.0","1.2.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.1.0"},{"fixed":"1.1.1"}]}],"versions":["1.1.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"phlex","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.0.1"}]}],"versions":["0.1.0","0.2.0","0.2.1","0.2.2","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.4.0","0.5.0","0.5.1","0.5.2","0.5.3","1.0.0","1.0.0.rc1","1.0.0.rc2"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"phlex","product":"phlex"},{"vendor":"phlex-ruby","product":"phlex"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/security/advisories/GHSA-242p-4v39-2v8g","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred","Patch","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/commit/aa50c604cdee1d0ce7ef068a4c66cbd5d43f96a1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Technical Description","web"]},{"url":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#unsafe-inline","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred","Technical Description","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28199","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/phlex/CVE-2024-28199.yml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-242p-4v39-2v8g"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2024/28xxx/CVE-2024-28199.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28199","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex","description":"phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-11T22:50:38.789Z","modified":"2024-08-02T00:48:49.443Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:34:18.597034Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2024-0782","description":"phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-11T22:50:38Z","modified":"2024-08-02T00:48:49Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:50:26.752963Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-242p-4v39-2v8g","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex","description":"There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks.\n\n### Impact\n\nIf you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user.\n\n```ruby\na(href: user_profile) { \"Profile\" }\n```\n\nIf you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML or SVG tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user.\n\n```ruby\nh1(**JSON.parse(user_attributes))\n```\n\n### Patches\nPatches are [available on RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex) for all `1.x` minor versions. The patched versions are:\n\n- [1.9.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.9.1)\n- [1.8.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.8.2)\n- [1.7.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.7.1)\n- [1.6.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.6.2)\n- [1.5.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.5.2)\n- [1.4.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.4.1)\n- [1.3.3](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.3.3)\n- [1.2.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.2.2)\n- [1.1.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.1.1)\n- [1.0.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.0.1)\n\nIf you are on `main`, it has been patched since [`aa50c60`](https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/commit/aa50c604cdee1d0ce7ef068a4c66cbd5d43f96a1)\n\n### Workarounds\nConfiguring a [Content Security Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy) that does not allow [`unsafe-inline`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#unsafe-inline) would effectively prevent this vulnerability from being exploited.\n\n### References\n\nIn addition to upgrading to a patched version of Phlex, we strongly recommend configuring a Content Security Policy header that does not allow `unsafe-inline`. Here’s how you can configure a Content Security Policy header in Rails. https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#content-security-policy-header","status":"published","published":"2024-03-12T15:39:46Z","modified":"2024-03-14T21:40:43Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:40.81935Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28199","description":"phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-11T23:15:47.333Z","modified":"2026-06-17T07:21:11.49Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:09:40.831473Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2024-28199","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex","description":"phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.","status":"published","published":"2024-03-11T22:50:38.789Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:24.295676327Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:39.569658Z"},{"id":"GHSA-242p-4v39-2v8g","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex","description":"There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks.\n\n### Impact\n\nIf you render an `\u003ca\u003e` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user.\n\n```ruby\na(href: user_profile) { \"Profile\" }\n```\n\nIf you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML or SVG tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user.\n\n```ruby\nh1(**JSON.parse(user_attributes))\n```\n\n### Patches\nPatches are [available on RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex) for all `1.x` minor versions. The patched versions are:\n\n- [1.9.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.9.1)\n- [1.8.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.8.2)\n- [1.7.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.7.1)\n- [1.6.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.6.2)\n- [1.5.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.5.2)\n- [1.4.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.4.1)\n- [1.3.3](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.3.3)\n- [1.2.2](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.2.2)\n- [1.1.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.1.1)\n- [1.0.1](https://rubygems.org/gems/phlex/versions/1.0.1)\n\nIf you are on `main`, it has been patched since [`aa50c60`](https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/commit/aa50c604cdee1d0ce7ef068a4c66cbd5d43f96a1)\n\n### Workarounds\nConfiguring a [Content Security Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy) that does not allow [`unsafe-inline`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy#unsafe-inline) would effectively prevent this vulnerability from being exploited.\n\n### References\n\nIn addition to upgrading to a patched version of Phlex, we strongly recommend configuring a Content Security Policy header that does not allow `unsafe-inline`. Here’s how you can configure a Content Security Policy header in Rails. https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#content-security-policy-header","status":"published","published":"2024-03-12T15:39:46Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:00.390202157Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:33.520522Z"}]}}