{"id":"CVE-2024-34343","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1775781170","CLSA-2026-1775781171","CLSA-2026-1775781180","CLSA-2026-1775867594","CLSA-2026-1788355153","CLSA-2026-1792161441","CLSA-2026-1792161458","CLSA-2026-1792161581","CLSA-2026-1792161599","CLSA-2026-1792161804","CLSA-2026-1792161821","CLSA-2026-1792161917","CLSA-2026-1792161934","CLSA-2026-1792163457","CLSA-2026-1793661075","EUVD-2024-2661","GHSA-vf6r-87q4-2vjf"],"status":"published","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in navigateTo if used after SSR in nuxt","description":"Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.  The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the unjs/ufo package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a javascript: protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing javascript:alert(1) returns null/\"\" for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the isScriptProtocol function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the parseURL implementation, bypassing the isScriptProtocol checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of parseURL. Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This ONLY has impact after SSR has occured, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS. This issue has been addressed in release version 3.12.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.0044,"percentile":0.38658,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-83"],"published":"2024-08-05T19:49:22Z","modified":"2026-11-03T02:45:02Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"nuxt","fixed_in":["3.12.4"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","fixed_in":["0.10.7-tuxcare.1","1.4.5-tuxcare.1","2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/babel-preset-app","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/builder","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/config","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/core","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/generator","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/server","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/types","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/utils","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vue-app","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vue-renderer","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/webpack","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt-start","fixed_in":["2.18.1-tuxcare.1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.12.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.10.7-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"0.10.7-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["0.10.7"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.4.5-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"1.4.5-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["1.4.5"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/babel-preset-app","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/builder","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/config","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/generator","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/server","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/types","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/utils","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vue-app","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vue-renderer","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/webpack","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt-start","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.18.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"2.18.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["2.18.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.3-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.3"],"bundled":4},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.1","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.3","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/kit","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.3-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.3"],"bundled":4},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/kit","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/schema","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.3-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.3"],"bundled":4},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/schema","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vite-builder","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.3-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.3"],"bundled":4},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/vite-builder","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/webpack-builder","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.3-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.3"],"bundled":4},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/webpack-builder","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"@nuxt/test-utils","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"nuxi","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.2.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.2.0-tuxcare.5"}]}],"versions":["3.2.0","3.2.0-tuxcare.2","3.2.0-tuxcare.4"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.12.4"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"@clerk","product":"nuxt"},{"vendor":"nuxt","product":"nuxt"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-vf6r-87q4-2vjf","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34343","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vf6r-87q4-2vjf"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2024/34xxx/CVE-2024-34343.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2024-34343","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in navigateTo if used after SSR in nuxt","description":"Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.  The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the unjs/ufo package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a javascript: protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing javascript:alert(1) returns null/\"\" for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the isScriptProtocol function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the parseURL implementation, bypassing the isScriptProtocol checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of parseURL. Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This ONLY has impact after SSR has occured, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS. This issue has been addressed in release version 3.12.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T20:35:13.258Z","modified":"2024-08-08T15:51:24.069Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:34:23.193864Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2024-2661","description":"Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.  The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the unjs/ufo package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a javascript: protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing javascript:alert(1) returns null/\"\" for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the isScriptProtocol function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the parseURL implementation, bypassing the isScriptProtocol checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of parseURL. Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This ONLY has impact after SSR has occured, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS. This issue has been addressed in release version 3.12.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T20:35:13Z","modified":"2024-08-08T15:51:24Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T00:56:21.653692Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-vf6r-87q4-2vjf","title":"nuxt vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting in navigateTo if used after SSR","description":"### Summary\nThe `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.\n\n### Details\nThe function first tests to see if the specified [URL has a protocol](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/fa9d43753d25fc2e8c3107f194b2bab6d4ebcb9a/packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/router.ts#L142). This uses the [unjs/ufo](https://github.com/unjs/ufo) package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a `javascript:` protocol.\n\nAfter this, the URL is parsed using the [`parseURL`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/parse.ts#L47) function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing `javascript:alert(1)` returns null/\"\" for all values. \n\nNext, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the [`isScriptProtocol`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/utils.ts#L74) function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. \n\nThe combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the `parseURL` implementation, bypassing the `isScriptProtocol` checks. \n\nCertain special protocols are identified at the top of [`parseURL`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/parse.ts#L49). Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. \n\n### PoC\nPOC - https://stackblitz.com/edit/nuxt-xss-navigateto?file=app.vue\n\nAttempt payload X, then attempt payload Y.\n\n### Impact\nXSS, access to cookies, make requests on user's behalf. \n\n### Recommendations\nAs always with these bugs, the `URL` constructor provided by the browser is always the safest method of parsing a URL. \n\nGiven the cross-platform requirements of nuxt/ufo a more appropriate solution is to make parsing consistent between functions, and to adapt parsing to be more consistent with the [WHATWG URL specification](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/).\n\n### Note\nI've reported this vulnerability here as it is unclear if this is a bug in ufo or a misuse of the ufo library.\n\nThis ONLY has impact after SSR has occurred, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T19:49:22Z","modified":"2025-05-15T21:26:46Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-83"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:43.998596Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2024-34343","description":"Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.  The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the unjs/ufo package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a javascript: protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing javascript:alert(1) returns null/\"\" for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the isScriptProtocol function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the parseURL implementation, bypassing the isScriptProtocol checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of parseURL. Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This ONLY has impact after SSR has occured, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS. This issue has been addressed in release version 3.12.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T21:15:38.257Z","modified":"2026-06-17T07:33:12.887Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:10:17.832118Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2024-34343","title":"Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in navigateTo if used after SSR in nuxt","description":"Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.  The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the unjs/ufo package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a javascript: protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing javascript:alert(1) returns null/\"\" for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the isScriptProtocol function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the parseURL implementation, bypassing the isScriptProtocol checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of parseURL. Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This ONLY has impact after SSR has occured, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS. This issue has been addressed in release version 3.12.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T20:35:13.258Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:52.533171601Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:40.391953Z"},{"id":"GHSA-vf6r-87q4-2vjf","title":"nuxt vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting in navigateTo if used after SSR","description":"### Summary\nThe `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies.\n\n### Details\nThe function first tests to see if the specified [URL has a protocol](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/fa9d43753d25fc2e8c3107f194b2bab6d4ebcb9a/packages/nuxt/src/app/composables/router.ts#L142). This uses the [unjs/ufo](https://github.com/unjs/ufo) package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a `javascript:` protocol.\n\nAfter this, the URL is parsed using the [`parseURL`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/parse.ts#L47) function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing `javascript:alert(1)` returns null/\"\" for all values. \n\nNext, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the [`isScriptProtocol`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/utils.ts#L74) function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. \n\nThe combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol was identified, whitespace is not stripped in the `parseURL` implementation, bypassing the `isScriptProtocol` checks. \n\nCertain special protocols are identified at the top of [`parseURL`](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/blob/e970686b2acae972136f478732450f6a2f1ab5e5/src/parse.ts#L49). Inserting a newline or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. \n\n### PoC\nPOC - https://stackblitz.com/edit/nuxt-xss-navigateto?file=app.vue\n\nAttempt payload X, then attempt payload Y.\n\n### Impact\nXSS, access to cookies, make requests on user's behalf. \n\n### Recommendations\nAs always with these bugs, the `URL` constructor provided by the browser is always the safest method of parsing a URL. \n\nGiven the cross-platform requirements of nuxt/ufo a more appropriate solution is to make parsing consistent between functions, and to adapt parsing to be more consistent with the [WHATWG URL specification](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/).\n\n### Note\nI've reported this vulnerability here as it is unclear if this is a bug in ufo or a misuse of the ufo library.\n\nThis ONLY has impact after SSR has occurred, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger XSS.","status":"published","published":"2024-08-05T19:49:22Z","modified":"2025-05-15T21:26:45Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":5.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-83"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:56.981655Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1775781170","title":"TuxCare security update for nuxt (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt nuxt to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 0.10.7-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:24Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:37.4110106Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.009773Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1775781171","title":"TuxCare security update for nuxt (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt nuxt to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 1.4.5-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:24Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:36.68781991Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.009773Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1775781180","title":"TuxCare security update for 13 packages (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 13 packages to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.18.1-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:24Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:37.586993013Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.009773Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1775867594","title":"TuxCare security update for nuxt (4 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt nuxt to address 4 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.3-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:24Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:36.988257257Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.009773Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1788355153","title":"TuxCare security update for nuxt (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt nuxt to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-02T13:19:13Z","modified":"2026-10-30T19:45:59.684511967Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.591214Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161441","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/kit (4 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/kit to address 4 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.3-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:37:21Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:02.438072296Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161458","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/kit (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/kit to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:37:38Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:03.076211229Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161581","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/schema (4 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/schema to address 4 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.3-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:39:41Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:11.742633867Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161599","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/schema (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/schema to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:39:59Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:06.209229636Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161804","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/vite-builder (4 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/vite-builder to address 4 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.3-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:43:24Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:30:33.702461081Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161821","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/vite-builder (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/vite-builder to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:43:41Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:30:32.834069291Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161917","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/webpack-builder (4 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/webpack-builder to address 4 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.3-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:45:17Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:41.011961884Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792161934","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/webpack-builder (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/webpack-builder to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T14:45:34Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:29.979494331Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.213191Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792163457","title":"TuxCare security update for @nuxt/test-utils (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt @nuxt/test-utils to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T15:10:57Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:44.380761389Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.466048Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1793661075","title":"TuxCare security update for nuxi (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt nuxi to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 3.2.0-tuxcare.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-03T00:11:15Z","modified":"2026-11-03T02:45:02.364297406Z","updated_at":"2026-11-03T03:05:43.703218Z"}]}}