{"id":"CVE-2025-12790","aliases":["EUVD-2025-38162","GHSA-9c5q-w6gr-fxcq"],"status":"published","title":"Rubygem-mqtt: rubygem-mqtt hostname validation","description":"A flaw was found in Rubygem MQTT. By default, the package used to not have hostname validation, resulting in possible Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00376,"percentile":0.31998,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-29"],"published":"2025-11-06T21:07:34Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:51Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"mqtt","fixed_in":["0.7.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"mqtt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.7.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"mqtt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.7.0"}]}],"versions":["0.0.1","0.0.2","0.0.3","0.0.4","0.0.5","0.0.7","0.0.8","0.0.9","0.1.0","0.2.0","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.4.0","0.5.0","0.6.0"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"nicholas j humfrey","product":"ruby-mqtt"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat satellite 6"}],"references":[{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-12790","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2413004","tags":["issue-tracking","x_refsource_REDHAT","report","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/njh/ruby-mqtt/blob/main/NEWS.md#ruby-mqtt-version-070-2025-10-29","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12790","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9c5q-w6gr-fxcq"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12790.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/njh/ruby-mqtt","tags":["package"]},{"url":"http://github.com/njh/ruby-mqtt","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-12790","title":"Rubygem-mqtt: rubygem-mqtt hostname validation","description":"A flaw was found in Rubygem MQTT. 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