{"id":"CVE-2025-1727","aliases":["EUVD-2025-21087","GHSA-q5w3-wqpr-96vw"],"status":"published","title":"End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol Weak Authentication","description":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet\n creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a \nsoftware defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT \ndevice, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake \nsystems.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00632,"percentile":0.50664,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-1390"],"published":"2025-07-10T22:59:34Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:39:40Z","exploits":[{"source":"pocgithub","id":"spinfosecurity/Rail-OT-Protector","title":"spinfosecurity/Rail-OT-Protector","date":"2026-08-04","url":"https://github.com/spinfosecurity/Rail-OT-Protector"}],"products":[{"vendor":"end-of-train and head-of-train remote linking protocol","product":"end-of-train and head-of-train remote linking protocol"}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-191-10"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1727"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q5w3-wqpr-96vw"}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-1727","title":"End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol Weak Authentication","description":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet\n creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a \nsoftware defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT \ndevice, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake \nsystems.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-10T22:59:34.802Z","modified":"2025-07-11T14:06:28.251Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-1390"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:49.503917Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-21087","description":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet\n creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a \nsoftware defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT \ndevice, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake \nsystems.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-10T22:59:34Z","modified":"2025-07-11T14:06:28Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:09.102762Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-q5w3-wqpr-96vw","title":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a...","description":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet\n creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a \nsoftware defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT \ndevice, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake \nsystems.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-11T00:30:32Z","modified":"2025-07-11T00:30:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-1390"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:02:59.345355Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-1727","description":"The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and \nHead-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet\n creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a \nsoftware defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT \ndevice, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake \nsystems.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-10T23:15:27.6Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:39:40.447Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-1390"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:18.285862Z"}]}}