{"id":"CVE-2025-23026","aliases":["EUVD-2025-0046","GHSA-vh22-6c6h-rm8q"],"status":"published","title":"HTML templates containing Javascript template strings are subject to XSS in jte","description":"jte (Java Template Engine) is a secure and lightweight template engine for Java and Kotlin. In affected versions Jte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS. The `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript template strings. Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation. HTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to version 3.1.16 or later to resolve this issue. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00304,"percentile":0.23436,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-79"],"published":"2025-01-13T16:57:59Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:32Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte","fixed_in":["3.1.16"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte-runtime","fixed_in":["3.1.16"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.1.15"},{"fixed":"3.1.16"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte-runtime","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.1.15"},{"fixed":"3.1.16"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.16"}]}],"versions":["1.0.0","1.1.0","1.10.0","1.11.0","1.11.1","1.11.2","1.11.3","1.11.4","1.12.0","1.12.1","1.2.0","1.3.0","1.4.0","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.2","1.6.0","1.7.0","1.8.0","1.9.0","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.4","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.2.6","2.3.0","2.3.1","2.3.2","3.0.0","3.0.1","3.0.2","3.0.3","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.10","3.1.11","3.1.12","3.1.13","3.1.14","3.1.15","3.1.2","3.1.3","3.1.4","3.1.5","3.1.6","3.1.7","3.1.8","3.1.9"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"gg.jte:jte-runtime","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.16"}]}],"versions":["1.0.0","1.1.0","1.10.0","1.11.0","1.11.1","1.11.2","1.11.3","1.11.4","1.12.0","1.12.1","1.2.0","1.3.0","1.4.0","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.2","1.6.0","1.7.0","1.8.0","1.9.0","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.4","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.2.6","2.3.0","2.3.1","2.3.2","3.0.0","3.0.1","3.0.2","3.0.3","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.10","3.1.11","3.1.12","3.1.13","3.1.14","3.1.15","3.1.2","3.1.3","3.1.4","3.1.5","3.1.6","3.1.7","3.1.8","3.1.9"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"casid","product":"jte"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/casid/jte/security/advisories/GHSA-vh22-6c6h-rm8q","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals#description","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/casid/jte/blob/main/jte-runtime/src/main/java/gg/jte/html/escape/Escape.java#L43-L83","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/casid/jte/commit/a6fb00d53c7b8dbb86de933215dbe1b9191a57f1","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23026","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vh22-6c6h-rm8q"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23026.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/casid/jte","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-23026","title":"HTML templates containing Javascript template strings are subject to XSS in jte","description":"jte (Java Template Engine) is a secure and lightweight template engine for Java and Kotlin. In affected versions Jte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS. The `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript template strings. Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation. HTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to version 3.1.16 or later to resolve this issue. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T19:36:03.286Z","modified":"2025-01-13T20:08:54.125Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-150"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:33.410838Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-0046","description":"jte (Java Template Engine) is a secure and lightweight template engine for Java and Kotlin. In affected versions Jte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS. The `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript template strings. Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation. HTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to version 3.1.16 or later to resolve this issue. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T19:36:03Z","modified":"2025-01-13T20:08:54Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T00:04:20.789419Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-vh22-6c6h-rm8q","title":"jte's HTML templates containing Javascript template strings are subject to XSS","description":"### Summary\nJte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS.\n\n### Details\nThe `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class ([source](https://github.com/casid/jte/blob/main/jte-runtime/src/main/java/gg/jte/html/escape/Escape.java#L43-L83)) do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript [template strings](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals#description). Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation.\n\n### PoC\n1. Use the [Jte Gradle Plugin](https://jte.gg/gradle-plugin/) with the following code in `src/jte/xss.jte`:\n    ```html\n    @param String someMessage\n    \u003c!DOCTYPE html\u003e\n    \u003chtml lang=\"en\"\u003e\n    \u003chead\u003e\n        \u003ctitle\u003eXSS Test\u003c/title\u003e\n        \u003cscript\u003ewindow.someVariable = `${someMessage}`;\u003c/script\u003e\n    \u003c/head\u003e\n    \u003cbody\u003e\n    \u003ch1\u003eXSS Test\u003c/h1\u003e\n    \u003c/body\u003e\n    \u003c/html\u003e\n    ```\n2. Use the following Java code to demonstrate the XSS vulnerability:\n    ```java\n    final StringOutput output = new StringOutput();\n    JtexssGenerated.render(new OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput(output), null, \"` + alert(`xss`) + `\");\n    renderHtml(output);\n    ```\n\n### Impact\nHTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T16:57:59Z","modified":"2025-01-13T21:49:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-150"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:27.067633Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-23026","description":"jte (Java Template Engine) is a secure and lightweight template engine for Java and Kotlin. In affected versions Jte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS. The `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript template strings. Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation. HTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to version 3.1.16 or later to resolve this issue. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T20:15:30.003Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:51:31.54Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-79","CWE-150"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:10:48.373347Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-23026","title":"HTML templates containing Javascript template strings are subject to XSS in jte","description":"jte (Java Template Engine) is a secure and lightweight template engine for Java and Kotlin. In affected versions Jte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS. The `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript template strings. Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation. HTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to version 3.1.16 or later to resolve this issue. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T19:36:03.286Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:32.32858648Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:47.009967Z"},{"id":"GHSA-vh22-6c6h-rm8q","title":"jte's HTML templates containing Javascript template strings are subject to XSS","description":"### Summary\nJte HTML templates with `script` tags or script attributes that include a Javascript template string (backticks) are subject to XSS.\n\n### Details\nThe `javaScriptBlock` and `javaScriptAttribute` methods in the `Escape` class ([source](https://github.com/casid/jte/blob/main/jte-runtime/src/main/java/gg/jte/html/escape/Escape.java#L43-L83)) do not escape backticks, which are used for Javascript [template strings](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals#description). Dollar signs in template strings should also be escaped as well to prevent undesired interpolation.\n\n### PoC\n1. Use the [Jte Gradle Plugin](https://jte.gg/gradle-plugin/) with the following code in `src/jte/xss.jte`:\n    ```html\n    @param String someMessage\n    \u003c!DOCTYPE html\u003e\n    \u003chtml lang=\"en\"\u003e\n    \u003chead\u003e\n        \u003ctitle\u003eXSS Test\u003c/title\u003e\n        \u003cscript\u003ewindow.someVariable = `${someMessage}`;\u003c/script\u003e\n    \u003c/head\u003e\n    \u003cbody\u003e\n    \u003ch1\u003eXSS Test\u003c/h1\u003e\n    \u003c/body\u003e\n    \u003c/html\u003e\n    ```\n2. Use the following Java code to demonstrate the XSS vulnerability:\n    ```java\n    final StringOutput output = new StringOutput();\n    JtexssGenerated.render(new OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput(output), null, \"` + alert(`xss`) + `\");\n    renderHtml(output);\n    ```\n\n### Impact\nHTML templates rendered by Jte's `OwaspHtmlTemplateOutput` in versions less than or equal to `3.1.15` with `script` tags or script attributes that contain Javascript template strings (backticks) are vulnerable.","status":"published","published":"2025-01-13T16:57:59Z","modified":"2025-01-13T22:00:48.6114Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:57.348035Z"}]}}