{"id":"CVE-2025-25286","aliases":["EUVD-2025-0100","GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw"],"status":"published","title":"Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header","description":"Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.01024,"percentile":0.63749,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"published":"2025-01-15T22:04:19Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:49Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"islandora/crayfish","fixed_in":["4.1.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"islandora/crayfish","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.1.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"islandora/crayfish","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.1.0"}]}],"versions":["0.0.1","0.0.10","0.0.11","0.0.12","0.0.13","0.0.14","0.0.15","0.0.2","0.0.3","0.0.4","0.0.5","0.0.6","0.0.7","0.0.8","0.0.9","0.1.0","0.2.0","0.2.1","1.0.0","1.1.1","2.0.0","2.1.0","3.0.0","4.0.0"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"islandora","product":"crayfish"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/security/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/commit/64cb4cec688928798cc40e6f0a0e863d7f69fd89","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25286","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/25xxx/CVE-2025-25286.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25286","title":"Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header","description":"Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.","status":"published","published":"2025-02-13T00:36:55.558Z","modified":"2025-02-13T15:08:05.551Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:31.971896Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-0100","description":"Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.","status":"published","published":"2025-02-13T00:36:55Z","modified":"2025-02-13T15:08:05Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-03T00:03:55.403392Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw","title":"Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header","description":"### Impact\n\nRemote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus.\n\nConfigure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.\n\n### References\n\n- XBOW-024-071","status":"published","published":"2025-01-15T22:04:19Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:49:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:30.754382Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25286","description":"Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.","status":"published","published":"2025-02-13T01:15:25.28Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:00:37.09Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:10:51.445921Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25286","title":"Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header","description":"Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.","status":"published","published":"2025-02-13T00:36:55.558Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:49.424729191Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:47.386092Z"},{"id":"GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw","title":"Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header","description":"### Impact\n\nRemote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus.\n\nConfigure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.\n\n### References\n\n- XBOW-024-071","status":"published","published":"2025-01-15T22:04:19Z","modified":"2025-02-13T16:53:41.898332Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-150","CWE-157"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:52.170928Z"}]}}