{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","aliases":["BIT-gitlab-2025-25291","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-25291","DLA-4115-1","EUVD-2025-6415","GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-25291","USN-7409-1"],"status":"published","title":"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.20965,"percentile":0.97582,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"published":"2025-03-12T20:16:12Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:29Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","fixed_in":["1.12.4","1.18.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","package":"gitlab","fixed_in":["17.9.2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","fixed_in":["1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","fixed_in":["1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","fixed_in":["1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","fixed_in":["1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1+esm1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.12.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.13.0"},{"fixed":"1.18.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Bitnami","package":"gitlab","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"17.9.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["1.13.0-1","1.13.0-1+deb12u1","1.15.0-1","1.17.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:11","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.11.0-1+deb11u2"}]}],"versions":["1.11.0-1","1.11.0-1+deb11u1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.12.4"}]}],"versions":["0.0.5","0.0.6","0.0.7","0.0.8","0.2.1","0.2.2","0.2.3","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.3.3","0.3.4","0.4.0","0.4.1","0.4.2","0.4.3","0.4.4","0.4.5","0.4.6","0.4.7","0.5.0","0.5.1","0.5.2","0.5.3","0.6.0","0.7.0","0.7.1","0.7.2","0.7.3","0.8.0","0.8.1","0.8.10","0.8.11","0.8.12","0.8.13","0.8.14","0.8.15","0.8.16","0.8.17","0.8.18","0.8.2","0.8.3","0.8.4","0.8.5","0.8.6","0.8.7","0.8.8","0.8.9","0.9","0.9.1","0.9.2","0.9.3","0.9.4","1.0.0","1.1.0","1.1.1","1.1.2","1.10.0","1.10.1","1.10.2","1.11.0","1.12.0","1.12.1","1.12.2","1.12.3","1.2.0","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.4.0","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.5.0","1.6.0","1.6.1","1.6.2","1.7.0","1.7.1","1.7.2","1.8.0","1.9.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.13.0"},{"fixed":"1.18.0"}]}],"versions":["1.13.0","1.14.0","1.15.0","1.16.0","1.17.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.2-1","1.0.0-1","1.1.2-1ubuntu1","1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm1","1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2"}]}],"versions":["1.4.1-1","1.7.2-1","1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.7.2-1","1.11.0-1","1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.11.0-1","1.13.0-1","1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.15.0-1","1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm2"}]}],"versions":["0.9.2-1","1.0.0-1","1.1.2-1ubuntu1","1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2"}]}],"versions":["1.4.1-1","1.7.2-1","1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.7.2-1","1.11.0-1","1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.11.0-1","1.13.0-1","1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"ruby-saml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1+esm1"}]}],"versions":["1.15.0-1","1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1"],"bundled":3}],"products":[{"vendor":"netapp","product":"storagegrid"},{"vendor":"omniauth","product":"omniauth_saml"},{"vendor":"onelogin","product":"ruby-saml"},{"vendor":"saml-toolkits","product":"ruby-saml"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","advisory","article","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","article","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","article","web","report"]},{"url":"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Exploit","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519","tags":["Issue Tracking","report","web"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25291","tags":["web","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25291.yml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/25xxx/CVE-2025-25291.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-25291","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-25291","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25291","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7409-1","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-25292","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-25293","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","title":"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T20:16:12.181Z","modified":"2025-11-03T19:44:59.719Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:31.971896Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-6415","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T20:16:12Z","modified":"2025-11-03T19:44:59Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:49:33.269212Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","title":"Ruby SAML allows a SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"### Summary\nAn authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml due to a parser differential.\nReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to authentication bypass.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T20:20:24Z","modified":"2025-11-03T21:33:11Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:04.350802Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T21:15:42Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:00:37.61Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:10:53.93104Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","title":"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T20:16:12.181Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:29.522541123Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:47.386092Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2025-25291","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T21:15:42Z","modified":"2026-09-01T20:05:44.648691204Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:45.870237Z"},{"id":"GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm","title":"Ruby SAML allows a SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"### Summary\nAn authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml due to a parser differential.\nReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to authentication bypass.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T20:20:24Z","modified":"2026-02-04T02:20:43.245011Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"},{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-347","CWE-436"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:37.528068Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2025-25291","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-03-12T21:15:00Z","modified":"2026-02-04T04:37:07.180858Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"critical"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:55:26.330196Z"},{"id":"BIT-gitlab-2025-25291","title":"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","description":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-04-14T11:55:18.579Z","modified":"2026-09-08T08:47:44.724643186Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:30.70064Z"},{"id":"DLA-4115-1","title":"ruby-saml - security update","status":"published","published":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-09T01:22:00.652341Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:12.7027Z"},{"id":"USN-7409-1","title":"ruby-saml vulnerabilities","description":"It was discovered that ruby-saml did not correctly handle XML parsing.\nAn attacker could possibly use this issue to perform a signature \nwrapping attack and bypass authentication. (CVE-2025-25291 \nand CVE-2025-25292)\n\nIt was discovered that ruby-saml did not correctly handle decompressing\nSAML responses. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause\na denial of service. (CVE-2025-25293)\n","status":"published","published":"2025-04-02T20:31:04Z","modified":"2026-06-25T13:32:30.261588536Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:19.988474Z"}]}}