{"id":"CVE-2025-4412","aliases":["EUVD-2025-17060","GHSA-496p-vfhp-58hp"],"status":"published","title":"TCC Bypass via Dylib Loading in Viscosity.app","description":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":4.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00161,"percentile":0.05304,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-276"],"published":"2025-05-27T10:09:14Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:33:12Z","products":[{"vendor":"sparklabs","product":"viscosity"}],"references":[{"url":"https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/05/tcc-bypass/","tags":["third-party-advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/","tags":["product"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4412"},{"url":"https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/05/tcc-bypass"},{"url":"https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-496p-vfhp-58hp"}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-4412","title":"TCC Bypass via Dylib Loading in Viscosity.app","description":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T10:09:14.055Z","modified":"2025-06-06T07:16:17.65Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":4.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-276"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:48.167635Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-17060","description":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T10:09:14Z","modified":"2025-06-06T07:16:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":4.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:28.636987Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-496p-vfhp-58hp","title":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the...","description":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T12:30:29Z","modified":"2025-05-27T12:30:34Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":4.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-276"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:02:26.855176Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-4412","description":"On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T10:15:19.383Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:33:12.127Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":4.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-276"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:09.562272Z"}]}}