{"id":"CVE-2025-48054","aliases":["EUVD-2025-28140","GHSA-2xv9-ghh9-xc69"],"status":"published","title":"Radashi Vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')","description":"Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00693,"percentile":0.53355,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"published":"2025-05-27T04:04:13Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:38Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"radashi","fixed_in":["12.5.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"radashi","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"12.5.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"radashi","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"12.5.1"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"radashi-org","product":"radashi"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/security/advisories/GHSA-2xv9-ghh9-xc69","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48054","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2xv9-ghh9-xc69"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48054.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48054","title":"Radashi Vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')","description":"Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T04:04:13.029Z","modified":"2025-05-27T20:01:01.623Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:41.089134Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-28140","description":"Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T04:04:13Z","modified":"2025-05-27T20:01:01Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:37.949923Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-2xv9-ghh9-xc69","title":"radashi Allows Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')","description":"### Impact\n\nThis is a prototype pollution vulnerability. It impacts users of the `set` function within the Radashi library. If an attacker can control parts of the `path` argument to the `set` function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in commit [`8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66`](https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66). Users should upgrade to a version of Radashi that includes this commit. The fix utilizes a new helper function, `isDangerousKey`, to prevent the use of `__proto__`, `prototype`, or `constructor` as keys in the path, throwing an error if any are encountered. This check is bypassed for objects with a `null` prototype.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers on older versions can mitigate this vulnerability by sanitizing the `path` argument provided to the `set` function to ensure that no part of the path string is `__proto__`, `prototype`, or `constructor`. For example, by checking each segment of the path before passing it to the `set` function.\n\n### References\n\n- Git commit: [`8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66`](https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66)\n- CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'): https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1321.html","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T15:03:05Z","modified":"2025-05-27T15:03:08Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:44.991725Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48054","description":"Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T05:15:23.99Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:29:04.423Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:09.562272Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48054","title":"Radashi Vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')","description":"Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T04:04:13.029Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:38.06758127Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:50.037003Z"},{"id":"GHSA-2xv9-ghh9-xc69","title":"radashi Allows Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')","description":"### Impact\n\nThis is a prototype pollution vulnerability. It impacts users of the `set` function within the Radashi library. If an attacker can control parts of the `path` argument to the `set` function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in commit [`8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66`](https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66). Users should upgrade to a version of Radashi that includes this commit. The fix utilizes a new helper function, `isDangerousKey`, to prevent the use of `__proto__`, `prototype`, or `constructor` as keys in the path, throwing an error if any are encountered. This check is bypassed for objects with a `null` prototype.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers on older versions can mitigate this vulnerability by sanitizing the `path` argument provided to the `set` function to ensure that no part of the path string is `__proto__`, `prototype`, or `constructor`. For example, by checking each segment of the path before passing it to the `set` function.\n\n### References\n\n- Git commit: [`8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66`](https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/8147abc8cfc3cfe9b9a17cd389076a5d97235a66)\n- CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'): https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1321.html","status":"published","published":"2025-05-27T15:03:05Z","modified":"2025-05-27T15:27:40.224377Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.8,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1321"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:35.050232Z"}]}}