{"id":"CVE-2025-48372","aliases":["EUVD-2025-28211","GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc"],"status":"published","title":"Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks","description":"Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.0028,"percentile":0.20623,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-521"],"published":"2025-05-22T20:38:02Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:25Z","products":[{"vendor":"schule111","product":"schule"},{"vendor":"schule111","product":"schule_school_management_system"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/schule111/Schule/security/advisories/GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/schule111/Schule/commit/cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48372.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48372","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48372","title":"Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks","description":"Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-22T20:38:02.463Z","modified":"2025-05-23T13:56:37.894Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-521"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:41.41198Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-28211","description":"Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-22T20:38:02Z","modified":"2025-05-23T13:56:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:39.383071Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48372","description":"Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-22T21:15:36.64Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:29:33.9Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-521"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:09.562272Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48372","title":"Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks","description":"Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-05-22T20:38:02.463Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:25.758347794Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-521"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:50.037003Z"}]}}