{"id":"CVE-2025-48710","aliases":["EUVD-2025-16843","GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh","GO-2025-3741","openSUSE-SU-2025:15225-1"],"status":"published","title":"kro Confused Deputy vulnerability","description":"kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":4.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00402,"percentile":0.34784,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-441"],"published":"2025-06-04T05:50:48Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:55Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/kro-run/kro","fixed_in":["0.2.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/kro-run/kro","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.1.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/kro-run/kro","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.1.0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/kro-run/kro","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"openSUSE:Tumbleweed","package":"govulncheck-vulndb","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.0.20250612T141001-1.1"}]}],"bundled":29}],"products":[{"vendor":"kro.run","product":"kro"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/kro-run/kro/compare/v0.2.1...v0.2.2","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://orca.security/resources/blog/kubernetes-crd-abstraction-risks-kro/","tags":["article"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48710","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://orca.security/resources/blog/kubernetes-crd-abstraction-risks-kro","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7633-x85h-5mqh","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48710.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/kro-run/kro","tags":["package"]},{"url":"","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2020-36846","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-31022","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-42818","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0913","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-1792","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-22874","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-25207","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-25208","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-2571","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-29785","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3230","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3260","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3454","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3611","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3913","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4128","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4573","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4673","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-47950","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48494","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48495","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48710","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48865","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48938","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48948","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-48949","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49011","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49136","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49140","tags":["web"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48710","description":"kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.","status":"published","published":"2025-06-04T05:50:48.639Z","modified":"2025-06-04T13:23:37.851Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-441"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:41.41198Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-16843","description":"kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. 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This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.","status":"published","published":"2025-06-04T06:15:21.39Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:30:13.107Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-441"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:10.8732Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-48710","description":"kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. 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