{"id":"CVE-2025-53548","aliases":["EUVD-2025-20865","GHSA-9mp4-77wg-rwx9"],"status":"published","title":"@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","description":"Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00172,"percentile":0.06661,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-345"],"published":"2025-07-09T17:12:10Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:00Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/backend","fixed_in":["2.4.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/astro","fixed_in":["2.10.2"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/express","fixed_in":["1.7.4"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/fastify","fixed_in":["2.4.4"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nextjs","fixed_in":["6.23.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nuxt","fixed_in":["1.7.5"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/react-router","fixed_in":["1.6.4"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/remix","fixed_in":["4.8.5"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/tanstack-react-start","fixed_in":["0.18.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/backend","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.4.0"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/astro","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.9.0"},{"fixed":"2.10.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/express","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.6.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/fastify","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2.3.0"},{"fixed":"2.4.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nextjs","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.2.10"},{"fixed":"6.23.3"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.7.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.5"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/react-router","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.5.0"},{"fixed":"1.6.4"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/remix","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.8.0"},{"fixed":"4.8.5"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/tanstack-react-start","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0.16.0"},{"fixed":"0.18.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/backend","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"2.0.0"},{"fixed":"2.4.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/astro","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"2.9.0"},{"fixed":"2.10.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/express","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"1.6.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/fastify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"2.3.0"},{"fixed":"2.4.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nextjs","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"6.2.10"},{"fixed":"6.23.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"1.7.0"},{"fixed":"1.7.5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/react-router","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"1.5.0"},{"fixed":"1.6.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/remix","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"4.8.0"},{"fixed":"4.8.5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@clerk/tanstack-react-start","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0.16.0"},{"fixed":"0.18.3"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"clerk","product":"javascript"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/clerk/javascript/security/advisories/GHSA-9mp4-77wg-rwx9","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53548","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9mp4-77wg-rwx9"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/53xxx/CVE-2025-53548.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/clerk/javascript","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-53548","title":"@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","description":"Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T17:12:10.483Z","modified":"2025-07-09T17:34:36.765Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:48.853452Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-20865","description":"Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T17:12:10Z","modified":"2025-07-09T17:34:36Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:10.524333Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-9mp4-77wg-rwx9","title":"@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","description":"### Impact\n\nApplications that use the `verifyWebhook()` helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events.\n\n### Patches\n\n* `@clerk/backend`: the helper has been patched as of `2.4.0`\n* `@clerk/astro`: the helper has been patched as of `2.10.2`\n* `@clerk/express`: the helper has been patched as of `1.7.4`\n* `@clerk/fastify`: the helper has been patched as of `2.4.4`\n* `@clerk/nextjs`: the helper has been patched as of `6.23.3`\n* `@clerk/nuxt`: the helper has been patched as of `1.7.5`\n* `@clerk/react-router`: the helper has been patched as of `1.6.4`\n* `@clerk/remix`: the helper has been patched as of `4.8.5`\n* `@clerk/tanstack-react-start`: the helper has been patched as of `0.18.3`\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe issue was resolved in **`@clerk/backend` `2.4.0`** by:\n\n* Properly parsing the webhook request's signatures and comparing them against the signature generated from the received event\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf unable to upgrade, developers can workaround this issue by verifying webhooks manually, per [this documentation](https://clerk.com/docs/webhooks/overview#protect-your-webhooks-from-abuse).","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T18:07:40Z","modified":"2025-07-09T20:15:14Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:38:49.837727Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-53548","description":"Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T18:15:24.157Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:38:25.657Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:17.727956Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-53548","title":"@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","description":"Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T17:12:10.483Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:00.718789353Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:50.45326Z"},{"id":"GHSA-9mp4-77wg-rwx9","title":"@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity","description":"### Impact\n\nApplications that use the `verifyWebhook()` helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events.\n\n### Patches\n\n* `@clerk/backend`: the helper has been patched as of `2.4.0`\n* `@clerk/astro`: the helper has been patched as of `2.10.2`\n* `@clerk/express`: the helper has been patched as of `1.7.4`\n* `@clerk/fastify`: the helper has been patched as of `2.4.4`\n* `@clerk/nextjs`: the helper has been patched as of `6.23.3`\n* `@clerk/nuxt`: the helper has been patched as of `1.7.5`\n* `@clerk/react-router`: the helper has been patched as of `1.6.4`\n* `@clerk/remix`: the helper has been patched as of `4.8.5`\n* `@clerk/tanstack-react-start`: the helper has been patched as of `0.18.3`\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe issue was resolved in **`@clerk/backend` `2.4.0`** by:\n\n* Properly parsing the webhook request's signatures and comparing them against the signature generated from the received event\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf unable to upgrade, developers can workaround this issue by verifying webhooks manually, per [this documentation](https://clerk.com/docs/webhooks/overview#protect-your-webhooks-from-abuse).","status":"published","published":"2025-07-09T18:07:40Z","modified":"2025-07-09T20:15:13Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-345"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:43.875515Z"}]}}