{"id":"CVE-2025-66031","aliases":["AZL-71134","CLSA-2026-1791028051","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-66031","EUVD-2025-199767","GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-66031"],"status":"published","title":"node-forge ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00446,"percentile":0.39019,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-674"],"published":"2025-11-26T22:08:37Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:35Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"node-forge","fixed_in":["1.3.2"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Azure Linux:2","package":"reaper","fixed_in":["3.1.1-21"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.3.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Azure Linux:2","package":"reaper","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.1-21"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.3.1-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"1.3.1-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["1.3.1"],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:11","package":"node-node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.10.0~dfsg-3","0.10.0~dfsg-3+deb11u1","0.10.0~dfsg-4","1.2.1~dfsg-1","1.2.1~dfsg-2","1.3.0~dfsg-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.3.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:20.04:LTS","package":"node-node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.8.5~dfsg-2","0.9.1~dfsg-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:22.04:LTS","package":"node-node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.10.0~dfsg-3","1.2.1~dfsg-2"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"digitalbazaar","product":"forge"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/260425c6167a38aae038697132483b5517b26451","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66031","tags":["web","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/66xxx/CVE-2025-66031.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-66031","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-66031","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66031","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66031","title":"node-forge ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T22:23:26.013Z","modified":"2025-11-28T18:27:06.242Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-674"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:53.157279Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-199767","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T22:23:26Z","modified":"2025-11-28T18:27:06Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:49:11.947161Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","title":"node-forge has ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"### Summary\n\nAn Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs.\n\n### Details\n\nAn ASN.1 Denial of Service (Dos) vulnerability exists in the node-forge `asn1.fromDer` function within `forge/lib/asn1.js`. The ASN.1 DER parser implementation (`_fromDer`) recurses for every constructed ASN.1 value (SEQUENCE, SET, etc.) and lacks a guard limiting recursion depth. An attacker can craft a small DER blob containing a very large nesting depth of constructed TLVs which causes the Node.js V8 engine to exhaust its call stack and throw `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`, crashing or incapacitating the process handling the parse. This is a remote, low-cost Denial-of-Service against applications that parse untrusted ASN.1 objects.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability enables an unauthenticated attacker to reliably crash a server or client using node-forge for TLS connections or certificate parsing.\n\nThis vulnerability impacts the ans1.fromDer function in `node-forge` before patched version `1.3.2`. \n\nAny downstream application using this component is impacted. These components may be leveraged by downstream applications in ways that enable full compromise of availability.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T22:08:37Z","modified":"2025-11-26T22:08:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-674"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:10.178331Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66031","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T23:15:49.397Z","modified":"2026-10-18T20:10:00.11Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-674"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:46.94029Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66031","title":"node-forge ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T22:23:26.013Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:35.596392274Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-674"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:52.202386Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2025-66031","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T23:15:49.397Z","modified":"2026-08-27T23:05:42.594035715Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:47.697959Z"},{"id":"GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","title":"node-forge has ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"### Summary\n\nAn Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs.\n\n### Details\n\nAn ASN.1 Denial of Service (Dos) vulnerability exists in the node-forge `asn1.fromDer` function within `forge/lib/asn1.js`. The ASN.1 DER parser implementation (`_fromDer`) recurses for every constructed ASN.1 value (SEQUENCE, SET, etc.) and lacks a guard limiting recursion depth. An attacker can craft a small DER blob containing a very large nesting depth of constructed TLVs which causes the Node.js V8 engine to exhaust its call stack and throw `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`, crashing or incapacitating the process handling the parse. This is a remote, low-cost Denial-of-Service against applications that parse untrusted ASN.1 objects.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability enables an unauthenticated attacker to reliably crash a server or client using node-forge for TLS connections or certificate parsing.\n\nThis vulnerability impacts the ans1.fromDer function in `node-forge` before patched version `1.3.2`. \n\nAny downstream application using this component is impacted. These components may be leveraged by downstream applications in ways that enable full compromise of availability.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T22:08:37Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:30.474985163Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-674"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:37.864461Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2025-66031","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T23:15:00Z","modified":"2025-12-09T08:24:11.354645Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:55:52.345622Z"},{"id":"AZL-71134","title":"CVE-2025-66031 affecting package reaper for versions less than 3.1.1-21","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","status":"published","published":"2025-11-26T23:15:49Z","modified":"2026-04-21T04:36:31.784041Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:08.907584Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1791028051","title":"TuxCare security update for node-forge (3 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt node-forge to address 3 CVEs. Fixed in 1.3.1-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-03T11:47:31Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:38.666412316Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:49.016976Z"}]}}