{"id":"CVE-2025-69211","aliases":["EUVD-2025-205611","GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj"],"status":"published","title":"Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)","description":"Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00382,"percentile":0.32483,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-367"],"published":"2025-12-29T16:01:22Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:38Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"@nestjs/platform-fastify","fixed_in":["11.1.10","11.1.11"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@nestjs/platform-fastify","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"11.1.10"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"@nestjs/platform-fastify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"11.1.11"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"nestjs","product":"nest"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69211","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/69xxx/CVE-2025-69211.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nestjs/nest","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-69211","title":"Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)","description":"Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-29T16:01:22.801Z","modified":"2025-12-29T16:50:02.429Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-367"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:40.774223Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-205611","description":"Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-29T16:01:22Z","modified":"2025-12-29T16:50:02Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:49:00.449163Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj","title":"Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)","description":"A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Platform: Uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`.\n2. Security Mechanism: Relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`\n3. Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`).\nExample Vulnerable Config:\n\n```ts\n// app.module.ts\nexport class AppModule implements NestModule {\n  configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {\n    consumer\n      .apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check\n      .forRoutes('admin');   // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction\n  }\n}\n```\n\nAttack Vector:\n\n- Target Route: `/admin`\n- Middleware Path: `admin`\n- Attack Request: `GET /%61dmin`\n- Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on `%61dmin`), but controller for `/admin` is executed.\n\nConsequences:\n\n- Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.\n- Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.\n- Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`\n\n### Resources\n\nCredit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-30T15:32:44Z","modified":"2025-12-30T15:32:45Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-367"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:15.106458Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-69211","description":"Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-29T16:15:44.237Z","modified":"2026-10-07T12:10:00.17Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.4,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-367"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:53.683969Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2025-69211","title":"Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)","description":"Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Versions prior to 11.1.11 have a Fastify URL encoding middleware bypass. A NestJS application is vulnerable if it uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`; relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`; and applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`). Exploitation can result in unauthenticated users accessing protected routes, restricted administrative endpoints becoming accessible to lower-privileged users, and/or middleware performing sanitization or validation being skipped. This issue is patched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-29T16:01:22.801Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:38.638832006Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-367"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:52.859856Z"},{"id":"GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj","title":"Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)","description":"A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Platform: Uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`.\n2. Security Mechanism: Relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`\n3. Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes('admin')`).\nExample Vulnerable Config:\n\n```ts\n// app.module.ts\nexport class AppModule implements NestModule {\n  configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {\n    consumer\n      .apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check\n      .forRoutes('admin');   // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction\n  }\n}\n```\n\nAttack Vector:\n\n- Target Route: `/admin`\n- Middleware Path: `admin`\n- Attack Request: `GET /%61dmin`\n- Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on `%61dmin`), but controller for `/admin` is executed.\n\nConsequences:\n\n- Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.\n- Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.\n- Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`\n\n### Resources\n\nCredit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.","status":"published","published":"2025-12-30T15:32:44Z","modified":"2025-12-30T15:42:33.016579Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-367"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:42.78452Z"}]}}