{"id":"CVE-2025-8534","aliases":["AZL-66078","AZL-66095","BELL-CVE-2025-8534","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-8534","EUVD-2025-23581","GHSA-xgh3-993q-r2x8","JLSEC-2025-320","MGASA-2025-0252","OESA-2025-2048","OESA-2025-2049","OESA-2025-2050","OESA-2025-2051","OESA-2025-2052","OESA-2025-2091","SUSE-SU-2025:03345-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03346-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03348-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20971-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21009-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21032-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21037-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-8534","USN-7707-1","openSUSE-SU-2025:15486-1","openSUSE-SU-2025:20049-1"],"status":"published","title":"libtiff tiff2ps tiff2ps.c PS_Lvl2page null pointer dereference","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","level":"low","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00222,"percentile":0.12897,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-404","CWE-476"],"published":"2025-08-04T23:32:08Z","modified":"2026-11-05T05:40:51Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Azure Linux:3","package":"libtiff","fixed_in":["4.6.0-7"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Azure Linux:2","package":"libtiff","fixed_in":["4.6.0-8"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpaquita:25","package":"tiff","fixed_in":["4.7.1-r1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpaquita:stream","package":"tiff","fixed_in":["4.7.1-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"BellSoft Hardened 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Advisory","report","web"]},{"url":"https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/merge_requests/746","tags":["patch","Product","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/15JPA3kLYiYD-nRNJ8y8HmnYjhv9NE7k6/view?usp=drive_link","tags":["exploit","Exploit","evidence","web","report"]},{"url":"https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/commit/6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"http://www.libtiff.org/","tags":["product","Product","web","report"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8534","tags":["web","advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.libtiff.org"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xgh3-993q-r2x8"},{"url":"https://docs.bell-sw.com/security/cves/CVE-2025-8534","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/8xxx/CVE-2025-8534.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-8534","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2025-0252.html","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugs.mageia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=34704","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2025/msg00189.html","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2048","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8851","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2049","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2050","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2051","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2052","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2025-2091","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202503345-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1247582","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1248117","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1248330","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8534","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8961","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-9165","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202503346-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202503348-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1247581","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-13978","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202520971-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1219213","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1228924","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1236834","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1243503","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1247106","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1247108","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1250413","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-52356","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-7006","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8176","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8177","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-9900","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202521009-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202521032-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2025/suse-su-202521037-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-8534","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-8534","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7707-1","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-8176","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-8177","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-8851","tags":["report"]},{"url":"","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2025-8534","title":"libtiff tiff2ps tiff2ps.c PS_Lvl2page null pointer dereference","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-04T23:32:08.491Z","modified":"2025-08-05T15:26:03.566Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","level":"low","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C","level":"low","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.0","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C","level":"low","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"2.0","score":1,"vector":"AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-476","CWE-404"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:32:38.025852Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2025-23581","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-04T23:32:08Z","modified":"2025-08-05T15:26:03Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T20:32:01.599514Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-xgh3-993q-r2x8","title":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects...","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:30:27Z","modified":"2025-08-05T00:30:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low"},{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"cwes":["CWE-404"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:03:10.73907Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2025-8534","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:15:56.88Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:07:10.343Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"2.0","score":1,"vector":"AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P","level":"low","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-404","CWE-476"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:11:22.319351Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"BELL-CVE-2025-8534","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T13:20:13.459766Z","modified":"2026-10-30T07:15:05.384465444Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:22.77042Z"},{"id":"CVE-2025-8534","title":"libtiff tiff2ps tiff2ps.c PS_Lvl2page null pointer dereference","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-04T23:32:08.491Z","modified":"2026-10-28T10:46:01.435778941Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","level":"low"}],"cwes":["CWE-404","CWE-476"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:53.185592Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2025-8534","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:15:56.88Z","modified":"2026-09-01T20:05:59.042916609Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:48.440897Z"},{"id":"JLSEC-2025-320","title":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function `PS_Lvl2page` of the file `tools/tiff2ps.c` of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if `DEFER_STRILE_LOAD` (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-11-25T22:18:43.603Z","modified":"2026-07-25T18:23:41.718650436Z","cvss":[{"version":"2.0","score":1,"vector":"AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:P","level":"low"},{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"},{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:17.805107Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2048","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nLibTIFF is a library for reading and writing TIFF (label image file format) files that are open source. This library contains some command-line tools for handling TIFF files.\n There is a security vulnerability in the 4.6.0 version of LibTIFF, which originates from the dereference of the null pointer of the function PS_Lvl2page in the file tools/tiff2ps.c.(CVE-2025-8534)\n\nA vulnerability was found in LibTIFF up to 4.5.1 (Image Processing Software). It has been rated as critical.Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-121. A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Applying the patch 8a7a48d7a645992ca83062b3a1873c951661e2b3 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at gitlab.com.(CVE-2025-8851)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-15T11:09:07Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:58.096974991Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2049","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nLibTIFF is a library for reading and writing TIFF (label image file format) files that are open source. This library contains some command-line tools for handling TIFF files.\n There is a security vulnerability in the 4.6.0 version of LibTIFF, which originates from the dereference of the null pointer of the function PS_Lvl2page in the file tools/tiff2ps.c.(CVE-2025-8534)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-15T11:09:07Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:08.310077331Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2050","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nLibTIFF is a library for reading and writing TIFF (label image file format) files that are open source. This library contains some command-line tools for handling TIFF files.\n There is a security vulnerability in the 4.6.0 version of LibTIFF, which originates from the dereference of the null pointer of the function PS_Lvl2page in the file tools/tiff2ps.c.(CVE-2025-8534)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-15T11:09:08Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:57.670354633Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2051","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nLibTIFF is a library for reading and writing TIFF (label image file format) files that are open source. This library contains some command-line tools for handling TIFF files.\n There is a security vulnerability in the 4.6.0 version of LibTIFF, which originates from the dereference of the null pointer of the function PS_Lvl2page in the file tools/tiff2ps.c.(CVE-2025-8534)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-15T11:09:08Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:11.322371826Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2052","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nLibTIFF is a library for reading and writing TIFF (label image file format) files that are open source. This library contains some command-line tools for handling TIFF files.\n There is a security vulnerability in the 4.6.0 version of LibTIFF, which originates from the dereference of the null pointer of the function PS_Lvl2page in the file tools/tiff2ps.c.(CVE-2025-8534)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-15T11:09:08Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:57.87926217Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"OESA-2025-2091","title":"libtiff security update","description":"This  provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely\nused format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification\nis available on-line in several different formats.And contains command-line programs\nfor manipulating TIFF format image files using the libtiff library.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nA vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0 (Image Processing Software).The CWE definition for the vulnerability is CWE-476. A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.As an impact it is known to affect availability.It is possible to download the exploit at drive.google.com. It is declared as proof-of-concept. One of the maintainers explains, that \u0026quot;[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \u0026quot;rD\u0026quot;) option is used.\u0026quot;Applying the patch 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at gitlab.com.(CVE-2025-8534)\n\nA vulnerability was found in LibTIFF up to 4.5.1 (Image Processing Software). It has been rated as critical.Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-121. A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Applying the patch 8a7a48d7a645992ca83062b3a1873c951661e2b3 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at gitlab.com.(CVE-2025-8851)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-29T11:09:10Z","modified":"2026-08-18T01:18:08.420634825Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:43.127925Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2025-8534","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:15:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:57:35.738024575Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":2.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","level":"low"},{"version":"4.0","score":1.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:55:55.926217Z"},{"id":"AZL-66078","title":"CVE-2025-8534 affecting package libtiff for versions less than 4.6.0-7","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:15:56Z","modified":"2026-11-05T05:40:51Z","updated_at":"2026-11-05T16:41:23.841127Z"},{"id":"AZL-66095","title":"CVE-2025-8534 affecting package libtiff for versions less than 4.6.0-8","description":"A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in libtiff 4.6.0. This vulnerability affects the function PS_Lvl2page of the file tools/tiff2ps.c of the component tiff2ps. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 6ba36f159fd396ad11bf6b7874554197736ecc8b. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. One of the maintainers explains, that \"[t]his error only occurs if DEFER_STRILE_LOAD (defer-strile-load:BOOL=ON) or TIFFOpen( .. \"rD\") option is used.\"","status":"published","published":"2025-08-05T00:15:56Z","modified":"2026-04-21T04:37:46.536921Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:08.354547Z"},{"id":"MGASA-2025-0252","title":"Updated libtiff packages fix security vulnerabilities","description":"LibTIFF fax2ps tiff2pdf.c t2p_read_tiff_init null pointer dereference.\n(CVE-2024-13978)\nLibTIFF tiffmedian.c get_histogram use after free. (CVE-2025-8176)\nLibTIFF thumbnail.c setrow buffer overflow. (CVE-2025-8177)\nlibtiff tiff2ps tiff2ps.c PS_Lvl2page null pointer dereference.\n(CVE-2025-8534)\nLibTIFF tiffcrop tiffcrop.c main memory corruption. (CVE-2025-8961)\nLibTIFF tiffcmp tiffcmp.c InitCCITTFax3 memory leak. (CVE-2025-9165)\nLibtiff: libtiff write-what-where. (CVE-2025-9900)\n","status":"published","published":"2025-10-31T20:04:14Z","modified":"2026-04-16T04:43:28.675634765Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:49:43.178336Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2025:15486-1","title":"libtiff-devel-32bit-4.7.0-8.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the libtiff-devel-32bit-4.7.0-8.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:53:50.506599Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:37.810934Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2025:20049-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\ntiff was updated to 4.7.1:\n\n* Software configuration changes:\n\n  * Define HAVE_JPEGTURBO_DUAL_MODE_8_12 and LERC_STATIC in tif_config.h.\n  * CMake: define WORDS_BIGENDIAN via tif_config.h\n  * doc/CMakeLists.txt: remove useless cmake_minimum_required()\n  * CMake: fix build with LLVM/Clang 17 (fixes issue #651)\n  * CMake: set CMP0074 new policy\n  * Set LINKER_LANGUAGE for C targets with C deps\n  * Export tiffxx cmake target (fixes issue #674)\n  * autogen.sh: Enable verbose wget.\n  * configure.ac: Syntax updates for Autoconf 2.71\n  * autogen.sh: Re-implement based on autoreconf. Failure to update\n    config.guess/config.sub does not return error (fixes issue #672)\n  * CMake: fix CMake 4.0 warning when minimum required version is \u003c 3.10.\n  * CMake: Add build option tiff-static (fixes issue #709)\n  Library changes:\n  * Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetWarnAboutUnknownTags() for explicit control\n    about emitting warnings for unknown tags. No longer emit warnings\n    about unknown tags by default\n  * tif_predict.c: speed-up decompression in some cases.\n\n* Bug fixes:\n\n  * tif_fax3: For fax group 3 data if no EOL is detected, reading is\n    retried without synchronisation for EOLs. (fixes issue #54)\n  * Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Improving handling when field_name = NULL. (fixes issue #532)\n  * tiff.h: add COMPRESSION_JXL_DNG_1_7=52546 as used for JPEGXL compression in\n    the DNG 1.7 specification\n  * TIFFWriteDirectorySec: Increment string length for ASCII tags for codec tags\n    defined with FIELD_xxx bits, as it is done for FIELD_CUSTOM tags. (fixes issue #648)\n  * Do not error out on a tag whose tag count value is zero, just issue a warning.\n    Fix parsing a private tag 0x80a6 (fixes issue #647)\n  * TIFFDefaultTransferFunction(): give up beyond td_bitspersample = 24\n    Fixes https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/10875)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Remove unnecessary calls to TIFFRGBAImageOK() (fixes issue #175)\n  * Fix writing a Predictor=3 file with non-native endianness\n  * _TIFFVSetField(): fix potential use of unallocated memory (out-of-bounds\n  * read / nullptr dereference) in case of out-of-memory situation when dealing with\n    custom tags (fixes issue #663)\n  * tif_fax3.c: Error out for CCITT fax encoding if SamplesPerPixel is not equal 1 and\n    PlanarConfiguration = Contiguous (fixes issue #26)\n  * tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-line or unexpected bad code\n    words have been reached. (fixes issue #670)\n  * Fix memory leak in TIFFSetupStrips() (fixes issue #665)\n  * tif_zip.c: Provide zlib allocation functions. Otherwise for zlib built with\n    -DZ_SOLO inflating will fail.\n  * Fix memory leak in _TIFFSetDefaultCompressionState. (fixes issue #676)\n  * tif_predict.c: Don’t overwrite input buffer of TIFFWriteScanline() if \"prediction\"\n    is enabled. Use extra working buffer in PredictorEncodeRow(). (fixes issue #5)\n  * tif_getimage.c: update some integer overflow checks (fixes issue #79)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Fix buffer underflow crash for less raster rows at\n    TIFFReadRGBAImageOriented() (fixes issue #704, bsc#1250413, CVE-2025-9900)\n  * TIFFReadRGBAImage(): several fixes to avoid buffer overflows.\n  * Correct passing arguments to TIFFCvtIEEEFloatToNative() and TIFFCvtIEEEDoubleToNative()\n    if HAVE_IEEEFP is not defined. (fixes issue #699)\n  * LZWDecode(): avoid nullptr dereference when trying to read again after EOI marker\n    has been found with remaining output bytes (fixes issue #698)\n  * TIFFSetSubDirectory(): check _TIFFCheckDirNumberAndOffset() return.\n  * TIFFUnlinkDirectory() and TIFFWriteDirectorySec(): clear tif_rawcp when clearing\n    tif_rawdata (fixes issue #711)\n  * JPEGEncodeRaw(): error out if a previous scanline failed to be written, to avoid\n    out-of-bounds access (fixes issue #714)\n  * tif_jpeg: Fix bug in JPEGDecodeRaw() if JPEG_LIB_MK1_OR_12BIT is defined for 8/12bit\n    dual mode, introduced in libjpeg-turbo 2.2, which was actually released as 3.0.\n    Fixes issue #717\n  * add assert for TIFFReadCustomDirectory infoarray check.\n  * ppm2tiff: Fix bug in pack_words trailing bytes, where last two bytes of each line\n    were written wrongly. (fixes issue #467)\n  * fax2ps: fix regression of commit 28c38d648b64a66c3218778c4745225fe3e3a06d where\n    TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC is being used rather than an output buffer (fixes issue #649)\n  * tiff2pdf: Check TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH and TIFFTAGTILEWIDTH (fixes issue #650)\n  * tiff2pdf: check h_samp and v_samp for range 1 to 4 to avoid division by zero.\n    Fixes issue #654\n  * tiff2pdf: avoid null pointer dereference. (fixes issue #741)\n  * Improve non-secure integer overflow check (comparison of division result with\n    multiplicant) at compiler optimisation in tiffcp, rgb2ycbcr and tiff2rgba.\n    Fixes issue #546\n  * tiff2rgba: fix some \"a partial expression can generate an overflow before it is\n    assigned to a broader type\" warnings. (fixes issue #682)\n  * tiffdither/tiffmedian: Don't skip the first line of the input image. (fixes issue #703)\n  * tiffdither: avoid out-of-bounds read identified in issue #733\n  * tiffmedian: error out if TIFFReadScanline() fails (fixes issue #707)\n  * tiffmedian: close input file. (fixes issue #735)\n  * thumbail: avoid potential out of bounds access (fixes issue #715)\n  * tiffcrop: close open TIFF files and release allocated buffers before exiting in case\n    of error to avoid memory leaks. (fixes issue #716)\n  * tiffcrop: fix double-free and memory leak exposed by issue #721\n  * tiffcrop: avoid buffer overflow. (fixes issue #740)\n  * tiffcrop: avoid nullptr dereference. (fixes issue #734)\n  * tiffdump: Fix coverity scan issue CID 1373365: Passing tainted expression *datamem\n    to PrintData, which uses it as a divisor or modulus.\n  * tiff2ps: check return of TIFFGetFiled() for TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS and\n    TIFFTAG_TILEBYTECOUNTS to avoid NULL pointer dereference. (fixes issue #718)\n  * tiffcmp: fix memory leak when second file cannot be opened. (fixes issue #718 and issue #729)\n  * tiffcp: fix setting compression level for lossless codecs. (fixes issue #730)\n  * raw2tiff: close input file before exit (fixes issue #742)\n  Tools changes:\n  * tiffinfo: add a -W switch to warn about unknown tags.\n  * tiffdither: process all pages in input TIFF file.\n\n* Documentation:\n\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added for incorrect saving of images with TIFF orientation\n    from 5 (LeftTop) to 8 (LeftBottom) in the raster.\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added about un-associated alpha handling (fixes issue #67)\n  * Update \"Defining New TIFF Tags\" description. (fixes issue #642)\n  * Fix return type of TIFFReadEncodedTile()\n  * Update the documentation to reflect deprecated typedefs.\n  * TIFFWriteDirectory.rst: Clarify TIFFSetWriteOffset() only sets offset for image\n    data and not for IFD data.\n  * Update documentation on re-entrancy and thread safety.\n  * Remove dead links to no more existing Awaresystems web-site.\n  * Updating BigTIFF specification and some miscelaneous editions.\n  * Replace some last links and remove last todos.\n  * Added hints for correct allocation of TIFFYCbCrtoRGB structure and its\n    associated buffers. (fixes issue #681)\n  * Added chapter to \"Using the TIFF Library\" with links to handling multi-page TIFF\n    and custom directories. (fixes issue #43)\n  * update TIFFOpen.rst with the return values of mapproc and unmapproc. (fixes issue #12)\n\nSecurity issues fixed:\n\n  * CVE-2025-8961: Fix segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility [bsc#1248117]\n  * CVE-2025-8534: Fix null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page [bsc#1247582]\n  * CVE-2025-9165: Fix local execution manipulation can lead to memory leak [bsc#1248330]\n  * CVE-2024-13978: Fix null pointer dereference in tiff2pdf [bsc#1247581]\n  * CVE-2025-8176: Fix heap use-after-free in tools/tiffmedian.c [bsc#1247108]\n  * CVE-2025-8177: Fix possible buffer overflow in tools/thumbnail.c:setrow()  [bsc#1247106]\n\n- Fix TIFFMergeFieldInfo() read_count=write_count=0 (bsc#1243503)\n\n","status":"published","published":"2025-11-19T09:40:24Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:54:15.88515Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:38.101535Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:03345-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2025-9165: local execution manipulation leading to memory leak (bsc#1248330).\n- CVE-2025-8534: null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page (bsc#1247582).\n- CVE-2025-8961: segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility (bsc#1248117).\n","status":"published","published":"2025-09-24T13:55:43Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:48:02.810806Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:57.111474Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:03346-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2025-9165: local execution manipulation leading to memory leak (bsc#1248330).\n- CVE-2025-8534: null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page (bsc#1247582).\n- CVE-2025-8961: segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility (bsc#1248117).\n","status":"published","published":"2025-09-24T14:03:15Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:48:46.461625Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:57.111474Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:03348-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2025-9165: local execution manipulation leading to memory leak (bsc#1248330).\n- CVE-2024-13978: null pointer dereference in component fax2ps (bsc#1247581)\n- CVE-2025-8534: null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page (bsc#1247582).\n- CVE-2025-8961: segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility (bsc#1248117).\n","status":"published","published":"2025-09-24T14:05:05Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:48:02.883707Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:57.111474Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:20971-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\n- Update to 4.7.1:\n  Security:\n  * CVE-2025-8177: Fixed possible buffer overflow in tools/thumbnail.c:setrow() when processing malformed TIFF files (bsc#1247106)\n  * CVE-2025-8176: Fixed heap use-after-free in tools/tiffmedian.c (bsc#1247108)\n  * CVE-2024-13978: libtiff: Fixed LibTIFF Null Pointer Dereference (bsc#1247581)\n  * CVE-2025-8534: Fixed null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page (bsc#1247582)\n  * CVE-2025-8961: Fixed segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility (bsc#1248117)\n  * CVE-2025-9165: libtiff: Fixed local execution manipulation leading to memory leak (bsc#1248330)\n  * CVE-2025-9900: libtiff: Fixed Write-What-Where via TIFFReadRGBAImageOriented (bsc#1250413)\n  Software configuration changes:\n  * Define HAVE_JPEGTURBO_DUAL_MODE_8_12 and LERC_STATIC in tif_config.h.\n  * CMake: define WORDS_BIGENDIAN via tif_config.h\n  * doc/CMakeLists.txt: remove useless cmake_minimum_required()\n  * CMake: fix build with LLVM/Clang 17 (fixes issue #651)\n  * CMake: set CMP0074 new policy\n  * Set LINKER_LANGUAGE for C targets with C deps\n  * Export tiffxx cmake target (fixes issue #674)\n  * autogen.sh: Enable verbose wget.\n  * configure.ac: Syntax updates for Autoconf 2.71\n  * autogen.sh: Re-implement based on autoreconf. Failure to update\n    config.guess/config.sub does not return error (fixes issue #672)\n  * CMake: fix CMake 4.0 warning when minimum required version is \u003c 3.10.\n  * CMake: Add build option tiff-static (fixes issue #709)\n  Library changes:\n  * Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetWarnAboutUnknownTags() for explicit control\n    about emitting warnings for unknown tags. No longer emit warnings\n    about unknown tags by default\n  * tif_predict.c: speed-up decompression in some cases.\n  Bug fixes:\n  * tif_fax3: For fax group 3 data if no EOL is detected, reading is\n    retried without synchronisation for EOLs. (fixes issue #54)\n  * Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Improving handling when field_name = NULL. (fixes issue #532)\n  * tiff.h: add COMPRESSION_JXL_DNG_1_7=52546 as used for JPEGXL compression in\n    the DNG 1.7 specification\n  * TIFFWriteDirectorySec: Increment string length for ASCII tags for codec tags\n    defined with FIELD_xxx bits, as it is done for FIELD_CUSTOM tags. (fixes issue #648)\n  * Do not error out on a tag whose tag count value is zero, just issue a warning.\n    Fix parsing a private tag 0x80a6 (fixes issue #647)\n  * TIFFDefaultTransferFunction(): give up beyond td_bitspersample = 24 \n  * tif_getimage.c: Remove unnecessary calls to TIFFRGBAImageOK() (fixes issue #175)\n  * Fix writing a Predictor=3 file with non-native endianness\n  * _TIFFVSetField(): fix potential use of unallocated memory (out-of-bounds\n  * read / nullptr dereference) in case of out-of-memory situation when dealing with\n    custom tags (fixes issue #663)\n  * tif_fax3.c: Error out for CCITT fax encoding if SamplesPerPixel is not equal 1 and\n    PlanarConfiguration = Contiguous (fixes issue #26)\n  * tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-line or unexpected bad code\n    words have been reached. (fixes issue #670)\n  * Fix memory leak in TIFFSetupStrips() (fixes issue #665)\n  * tif_zip.c: Provide zlib allocation functions. Otherwise for zlib built with\n    -DZ_SOLO inflating will fail.\n  * Fix memory leak in _TIFFSetDefaultCompressionState. (fixes issue #676)\n  * tif_predict.c: Don’t overwrite input buffer of TIFFWriteScanline() if \"prediction\"\n    is enabled. Use extra working buffer in PredictorEncodeRow(). (fixes issue #5)\n  * tif_getimage.c: update some integer overflow checks (fixes issue #79)\n  * TIFFReadRGBAImage(): several fixes to avoid buffer overflows.\n  * Correct passing arguments to TIFFCvtIEEEFloatToNative() and TIFFCvtIEEEDoubleToNative()\n    if HAVE_IEEEFP is not defined. (fixes issue #699)\n  * LZWDecode(): avoid nullptr dereference when trying to read again after EOI marker\n    has been found with remaining output bytes (fixes issue #698)\n  * TIFFSetSubDirectory(): check _TIFFCheckDirNumberAndOffset() return.\n  * TIFFUnlinkDirectory() and TIFFWriteDirectorySec(): clear tif_rawcp when clearing\n    tif_rawdata (fixes issue #711)\n  * JPEGEncodeRaw(): error out if a previous scanline failed to be written, to avoid\n    out-of-bounds access (fixes issue #714)\n  * tif_jpeg: Fix bug in JPEGDecodeRaw() if JPEG_LIB_MK1_OR_12BIT is defined for 8/12bit\n    dual mode, introduced in libjpeg-turbo 2.2, which was actually released as 3.0.\n    Fixes issue #717\n  * add assert for TIFFReadCustomDirectory infoarray check.\n  * ppm2tiff: Fix bug in pack_words trailing bytes, where last two bytes of each line\n    were written wrongly. (fixes issue #467)\n  * fax2ps: fix regression of commit 28c38d648b64a66c3218778c4745225fe3e3a06d where\n    TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC is being used rather than an output buffer (fixes issue #649)\n  * tiff2pdf: Check TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH and TIFFTAGTILEWIDTH (fixes issue #650)\n  * tiff2pdf: check h_samp and v_samp for range 1 to 4 to avoid division by zero.\n    Fixes issue #654\n  * tiff2pdf: avoid null pointer dereference. (fixes issue #741)\n  * Improve non-secure integer overflow check (comparison of division result with\n    multiplicant) at compiler optimisation in tiffcp, rgb2ycbcr and tiff2rgba.\n    Fixes issue #546\n  * tiff2rgba: fix some \"a partial expression can generate an overflow before it is\n    assigned to a broader type\" warnings. (fixes issue #682)\n  * tiffdither/tiffmedian: Don't skip the first line of the input image. (fixes issue #703)\n  * tiffdither: avoid out-of-bounds read identified in issue #733\n  * tiffmedian: error out if TIFFReadScanline() fails (fixes issue #707)\n  * tiffmedian: close input file. (fixes issue #735)\n  * thumbail: avoid potential out of bounds access (fixes issue #715)\n  * tiffcrop: close open TIFF files and release allocated buffers before exiting in case\n    of error to avoid memory leaks. (fixes issue #716)\n  * tiffcrop: fix double-free and memory leak exposed by issue #721\n  * tiffcrop: avoid buffer overflow. (fixes issue #740)\n  * tiffcrop: avoid nullptr dereference. (fixes issue #734)\n  * tiffdump: Fix coverity scan issue CID 1373365: Passing tainted expression *datamem\n    to PrintData, which uses it as a divisor or modulus.\n  * tiff2ps: check return of TIFFGetFiled() for TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS and\n    TIFFTAG_TILEBYTECOUNTS to avoid NULL pointer dereference. (fixes issue #718)\n  * tiffcmp: fix memory leak when second file cannot be opened. (fixes issue #718 and issue #729)\n  * tiffcp: fix setting compression level for lossless codecs. (fixes issue #730)\n  * raw2tiff: close input file before exit (fixes issue #742)\n  Tools changes:\n  * tiffinfo: add a -W switch to warn about unknown tags.\n  * tiffdither: process all pages in input TIFF file.\n  Documentation:\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added for incorrect saving of images with TIFF orientation\n    from 5 (LeftTop) to 8 (LeftBottom) in the raster.\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added about un-associated alpha handling (fixes issue #67)\n  * Update \"Defining New TIFF Tags\" description. (fixes issue #642)\n  * Fix return type of TIFFReadEncodedTile()\n  * Update the documentation to reflect deprecated typedefs.\n  * TIFFWriteDirectory.rst: Clarify TIFFSetWriteOffset() only sets offset for image\n    data and not for IFD data.\n  * Update documentation on re-entrancy and thread safety.\n  * Remove dead links to no more existing Awaresystems web-site.\n  * Updating BigTIFF specification and some miscelaneous editions.\n  * Replace some last links and remove last todos.\n  * Added hints for correct allocation of TIFFYCbCrtoRGB structure and its\n    associated buffers. (fixes issue #681)\n  * Added chapter to \"Using the TIFF Library\" with links to handling multi-page TIFF\n    and custom directories. (fixes issue #43)\n  * update TIFFOpen.rst with the return values of mapproc and unmapproc. (fixes issue #12)\n\n- Fix TIFFMergeFieldInfo() read_count=write_count=0 (bsc#1243503)\n- Add -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5 to fix FTBFS with cmake4\n- Add %check section\n- Remove Group: declarations, no longer used\n- Use python3-Sphinx instead of  %{primary_python}-Sphinx\n  based on recommendation from python maintainers.\n  * Fixes build issue of man flavor on 15.6\n- Update test/test_directory.c not to fail on big-endian machines (bsc#1236834).\n- Fix versioning of tiff-docs under Recommends\n\n- Update to 4.7.0:\n  * This version restores in the default build the availability of\n    the tools that had been dropped in v4.6.0\n  * Software configuration changes:\n    + autoconf build: configure.ac: avoid -Werror passed to CFLAGS to interfere with feature detection\n    + autoconf build: fix error when running make clean (fixes issue #630)\n    + autoconf build: back off the minimum required automake version to 1.11\n    + autoconf.ac: fix detection of windows.h for mingw (fixes issue #605)\n    + libtiff-4.pc: Fix Requires.private missing Lerc. It provides a .pc file\n      starting from version 4 (in autoconf builds, we assume that liblerc is at least version 4)\n    + CMake: Fix TIFF_INCLUDE_DIRS\n    + CMake: MinGW compilers don't need a .def file for shared library\n    + CMake: move libdeflate and Lerc to Requires.private\n    + CMake: enable resource compilation on all Windows.\n  * Library changes:\n    + Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxCumulatedMemAlloc(). This function complements\n      TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxSingleMemAlloc() to define the maximum cumulated memory\n      allocations in byte, for a given TIFF handle, that libtiff internal memory\n      allocation functions are allowed. \n    + TIFFWriteDirectory(): Avoid overwriting following data if an IFD is enlarged.\n    + TIFFXYZToRGB: avoid integer overflow (fixes issue #644)\n    + uv_decode() and uv_encode(): avoid potential out-of-bounds array index (fixes issue #645)\n    + Fix cases where tif_curdir is set incorrectly. Fix cases where the current directory number (tif_curdir)\n      is set inconsistently or incorrectly, depending on the previous history.\n    + TIFFRead[Scanline/EncodedStrip/EncodeTile]: 0-initialize output buffer if setupdecode fails ;\n      most codecs: zero-initialize (not-yet-written parts of) output buffer if failure (fixes issue #375)\n    + OJPEG: reset subsampling_convert_state=0 in OJPEGPreDecode (fixes issue #183)\n    + ThunderRLE: fix failure when decoding last run. Bug seen with GhostPDL\n    + LERC codec: deal with issues with multi-band PlanarConfig=Contig and NaN values\n    + tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-file has been reached (fixes issue #583)\n    + LZW: avoid warning about misaligned address with UBSAN (fixes issue #616)\n    + CVE-2023-52356: Fixed segment fault in TIFFReadRGBATileExt() leading to denial of service (bsc#1219213)\n    + tif_dirread.c: only issue TIFFGetFileSize() for large enough RAM requests\n    + Avoid FPEs (division by zero) in tif_getimage.c.\n    + Avoiding FPE (division by zero) for TIFFhowmany_32() and TIFFhowmany_64() macros by checking for\n      denominator not zero before macros are executed. (fixes issue #628)\n    + Add non-zero check before division in TIFFComputeStrip()\n    + Fix wrong return of TIFFIsBigTIFF() in case byte-swapping is active\n    + Setting the TIFFFieldInfo field set_field_type should consider field_writecount not field_readcount\n    + Avoid memory leaks when using TIFFCreateDirectory() by releasing the allocated memory in the tif-structure.\n    + For non-terminated ASCII arrays, the buffer is first enlarged before a NULL is set at the end to\n      avoid deleting the last character. (fixes issue #579)\n    + CVE-2024-7006: Fixed NULL pointer dereference in tif_dirinfo.c (bsc#1228924)\n    + Prevent some out-of-memory attacks (fixes issue #614)\n    + Ensure absolute seeking is forced independent of TIFFReadDirectory success. (fixes issue #618)\n    + tif_dirinfo.c: re-enable TIFFTAG_EP_CFAREPEATPATTERNDIM and TIFFTAG_EP_CFAPATTERN tags (fixes issue #608)\n    + Fix warnings with GCC 14\n    + tif_dir.c: Log source file, line number, and input tif for directory count error (fixes issue #627)\n    + Last usage of get_field_type of TIFFField structure at TIFFWriteDirectorySec() changed to using set_field_type.\n    + tif_jpeg.c/tif_ojpeg.c: remove likely ifdef tricks related to old compilers or unusual setups\n    + Remove _TIFFUInt64ToFloat() and _TIFFUInt64ToDouble()\n    + Remove support for _MSC_VER \u003c 1500.\n    + Use #ifdef _WIN32 to test for Windows, and tiffio.h: remove definition of __WIN32__\n  * Documentation:\n    + Amend manpages for changes in current directory index behaviour\n    + Note on using TIFFFlush() before TIFFClose() to check that the data has been successfully written to the file. (fixes issue #506)\n    + Update TIFF documentation about TIFFOpenOptions.rst and TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxSingleMemAlloc() usage and some other small fixes\n  * Re-added tools:\n    + fax2ps\n    + fax2tiff\n    + pal2rgb\n    + ppm2tiff\n    + raw2tiff\n    + rgb2ycbcr (not installed)\n    + thumbnail (not installed)\n    + tiff2bw\n    + tiff2rgba\n    + tiffcmp\n    + tiffcrop\n    + tiffdither\n    + tiffgt\n    + tiffmedian\n    + tiff2ps\n    + tiff2pdf\n  * New/improved functionality:\n     + tiff2rgba: Add background gradient option for alpha compositing\n     + tiffcp: -i flag restored\n  * Bug fixes for tools:\n    + tiffcrop: address Coverity scan issues 1605444, 1605445, and 16054\n    + tiffcrop: Apply \"Fix heap-buffer-overflow in function extractImageSection\"\n    + tiffcrop: fix buffer overflows, use after free (fixes issue #542, issue #550, issue #552)\n    + tiff2pdf: address Coverity scan issues\n    + tiff2pdf: fix inconsistent PLANARCONFIG value for the input and output TIFF\n    + tiff2pdf: fix issue with JPEG restart-interval marker when converting from JPEG-compressed files (fixes issue #539)\n    + tiff2pdf: red and blue were being swapped for RGBA decoding (fixes issue #253)\n    + tiff2pdf: fixes issue #596\n    + thumbnail: address Coverity scan issues\n    + tiffcp: Add check for limitMalloc return to fix Coverity 1603334\n    + tiffcp: preserve TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE when doing YCbCr JPEG -\u003e YCbCr JPEG\n    + tiffcp: replace PHOTOMETRIC_YCBCR with PHOTOMETRIC_RGB when outputing to compression != JPEG (refs issue #571)\n    + tiffcp: do not copy tags YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS, YCBCRSUBSAMPLING, YCBCRPOSITIONING, REFERENCEBLACKWHITE. Only set YCBCRSUBSAMPLING when generating YCbCr JPEG\n    + tiffcp: Check also codec of input image, not only from output image (fixes issue #606)\n    + Add some basic sanity checks for tiffcp and tiffcrop RGB-\u003eYCbCr JPEG conversions.\n    + fax2ps and fax2tiff: memory leak fixes (fixes issue #476)\n    + tiffmedian: memory leak fixes (fixes issue #599)\n    + fax2tiff: fix EOFB interpretation (fixes issue #191)\n    + fax2tiff: fix issue with unreasonable width input (fixes issue #249)\n    + tiffcp and tiffcrop: fixes issue #228\n    + tiff2rgba: fixes issue #469\n    + tiffdither: fixes issue #473\n    + tiffdump: fix wrong printf formatter in error message (Coverity 1472932)\n    + tiffset: avoid false positive Coverity Scan warning on 64-bit builds (Coverity 1518997)\n    + tifcp/tiffset: use correct format specifiers\n  * Changes to contributed and unsupported tools\n    + contrib/addtiffo: validate return of TIFFWriteEncodedXXXX() calls (Coverity 1024680)\n- Tools are not built for now due to test failure: `FAIL: tiffcp-32bpp-None-jpeg.sh`\n","status":"published","published":"2025-11-06T11:07:55Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:51:07.264572Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:59.92114Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:21009-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\ntiff was updated to 4.7.1:\n\n* Software configuration changes:\n\n  * Define HAVE_JPEGTURBO_DUAL_MODE_8_12 and LERC_STATIC in tif_config.h.\n  * CMake: define WORDS_BIGENDIAN via tif_config.h\n  * doc/CMakeLists.txt: remove useless cmake_minimum_required()\n  * CMake: fix build with LLVM/Clang 17 (fixes issue #651)\n  * CMake: set CMP0074 new policy\n  * Set LINKER_LANGUAGE for C targets with C deps\n  * Export tiffxx cmake target (fixes issue #674)\n  * autogen.sh: Enable verbose wget.\n  * configure.ac: Syntax updates for Autoconf 2.71\n  * autogen.sh: Re-implement based on autoreconf. Failure to update\n    config.guess/config.sub does not return error (fixes issue #672)\n  * CMake: fix CMake 4.0 warning when minimum required version is \u003c 3.10.\n  * CMake: Add build option tiff-static (fixes issue #709)\n  Library changes:\n  * Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetWarnAboutUnknownTags() for explicit control\n    about emitting warnings for unknown tags. No longer emit warnings\n    about unknown tags by default\n  * tif_predict.c: speed-up decompression in some cases.\n\n* Bug fixes:\n\n  * tif_fax3: For fax group 3 data if no EOL is detected, reading is\n    retried without synchronisation for EOLs. (fixes issue #54)\n  * Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Improving handling when field_name = NULL. (fixes issue #532)\n  * tiff.h: add COMPRESSION_JXL_DNG_1_7=52546 as used for JPEGXL compression in\n    the DNG 1.7 specification\n  * TIFFWriteDirectorySec: Increment string length for ASCII tags for codec tags\n    defined with FIELD_xxx bits, as it is done for FIELD_CUSTOM tags. (fixes issue #648)\n  * Do not error out on a tag whose tag count value is zero, just issue a warning.\n    Fix parsing a private tag 0x80a6 (fixes issue #647)\n  * TIFFDefaultTransferFunction(): give up beyond td_bitspersample = 24\n    Fixes https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/10875)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Remove unnecessary calls to TIFFRGBAImageOK() (fixes issue #175)\n  * Fix writing a Predictor=3 file with non-native endianness\n  * _TIFFVSetField(): fix potential use of unallocated memory (out-of-bounds\n  * read / nullptr dereference) in case of out-of-memory situation when dealing with\n    custom tags (fixes issue #663)\n  * tif_fax3.c: Error out for CCITT fax encoding if SamplesPerPixel is not equal 1 and\n    PlanarConfiguration = Contiguous (fixes issue #26)\n  * tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-line or unexpected bad code\n    words have been reached. (fixes issue #670)\n  * Fix memory leak in TIFFSetupStrips() (fixes issue #665)\n  * tif_zip.c: Provide zlib allocation functions. Otherwise for zlib built with\n    -DZ_SOLO inflating will fail.\n  * Fix memory leak in _TIFFSetDefaultCompressionState. (fixes issue #676)\n  * tif_predict.c: Don’t overwrite input buffer of TIFFWriteScanline() if \"prediction\"\n    is enabled. Use extra working buffer in PredictorEncodeRow(). (fixes issue #5)\n  * tif_getimage.c: update some integer overflow checks (fixes issue #79)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Fix buffer underflow crash for less raster rows at\n    TIFFReadRGBAImageOriented() (fixes issue #704, bsc#1250413, CVE-2025-9900)\n  * TIFFReadRGBAImage(): several fixes to avoid buffer overflows.\n  * Correct passing arguments to TIFFCvtIEEEFloatToNative() and TIFFCvtIEEEDoubleToNative()\n    if HAVE_IEEEFP is not defined. (fixes issue #699)\n  * LZWDecode(): avoid nullptr dereference when trying to read again after EOI marker\n    has been found with remaining output bytes (fixes issue #698)\n  * TIFFSetSubDirectory(): check _TIFFCheckDirNumberAndOffset() return.\n  * TIFFUnlinkDirectory() and TIFFWriteDirectorySec(): clear tif_rawcp when clearing\n    tif_rawdata (fixes issue #711)\n  * JPEGEncodeRaw(): error out if a previous scanline failed to be written, to avoid\n    out-of-bounds access (fixes issue #714)\n  * tif_jpeg: Fix bug in JPEGDecodeRaw() if JPEG_LIB_MK1_OR_12BIT is defined for 8/12bit\n    dual mode, introduced in libjpeg-turbo 2.2, which was actually released as 3.0.\n    Fixes issue #717\n  * add assert for TIFFReadCustomDirectory infoarray check.\n  * ppm2tiff: Fix bug in pack_words trailing bytes, where last two bytes of each line\n    were written wrongly. (fixes issue #467)\n  * fax2ps: fix regression of commit 28c38d648b64a66c3218778c4745225fe3e3a06d where\n    TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC is being used rather than an output buffer (fixes issue #649)\n  * tiff2pdf: Check TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH and TIFFTAGTILEWIDTH (fixes issue #650)\n  * tiff2pdf: check h_samp and v_samp for range 1 to 4 to avoid division by zero.\n    Fixes issue #654\n  * tiff2pdf: avoid null pointer dereference. (fixes issue #741)\n  * Improve non-secure integer overflow check (comparison of division result with\n    multiplicant) at compiler optimisation in tiffcp, rgb2ycbcr and tiff2rgba.\n    Fixes issue #546\n  * tiff2rgba: fix some \"a partial expression can generate an overflow before it is\n    assigned to a broader type\" warnings. (fixes issue #682)\n  * tiffdither/tiffmedian: Don't skip the first line of the input image. (fixes issue #703)\n  * tiffdither: avoid out-of-bounds read identified in issue #733\n  * tiffmedian: error out if TIFFReadScanline() fails (fixes issue #707)\n  * tiffmedian: close input file. (fixes issue #735)\n  * thumbail: avoid potential out of bounds access (fixes issue #715)\n  * tiffcrop: close open TIFF files and release allocated buffers before exiting in case\n    of error to avoid memory leaks. (fixes issue #716)\n  * tiffcrop: fix double-free and memory leak exposed by issue #721\n  * tiffcrop: avoid buffer overflow. (fixes issue #740)\n  * tiffcrop: avoid nullptr dereference. (fixes issue #734)\n  * tiffdump: Fix coverity scan issue CID 1373365: Passing tainted expression *datamem\n    to PrintData, which uses it as a divisor or modulus.\n  * tiff2ps: check return of TIFFGetFiled() for TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS and\n    TIFFTAG_TILEBYTECOUNTS to avoid NULL pointer dereference. (fixes issue #718)\n  * tiffcmp: fix memory leak when second file cannot be opened. (fixes issue #718 and issue #729)\n  * tiffcp: fix setting compression level for lossless codecs. (fixes issue #730)\n  * raw2tiff: close input file before exit (fixes issue #742)\n  Tools changes:\n  * tiffinfo: add a -W switch to warn about unknown tags.\n  * tiffdither: process all pages in input TIFF file.\n\n* Documentation:\n\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added for incorrect saving of images with TIFF orientation\n    from 5 (LeftTop) to 8 (LeftBottom) in the raster.\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added about un-associated alpha handling (fixes issue #67)\n  * Update \"Defining New TIFF Tags\" description. (fixes issue #642)\n  * Fix return type of TIFFReadEncodedTile()\n  * Update the documentation to reflect deprecated typedefs.\n  * TIFFWriteDirectory.rst: Clarify TIFFSetWriteOffset() only sets offset for image\n    data and not for IFD data.\n  * Update documentation on re-entrancy and thread safety.\n  * Remove dead links to no more existing Awaresystems web-site.\n  * Updating BigTIFF specification and some miscelaneous editions.\n  * Replace some last links and remove last todos.\n  * Added hints for correct allocation of TIFFYCbCrtoRGB structure and its\n    associated buffers. (fixes issue #681)\n  * Added chapter to \"Using the TIFF Library\" with links to handling multi-page TIFF\n    and custom directories. (fixes issue #43)\n  * update TIFFOpen.rst with the return values of mapproc and unmapproc. (fixes issue #12)\n\nSecurity issues fixed:\n\n  * CVE-2025-8961: Fix segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility [bsc#1248117]\n  * CVE-2025-8534: Fix null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page [bsc#1247582]\n  * CVE-2025-9165: Fix local execution manipulation can lead to memory leak [bsc#1248330]\n  * CVE-2024-13978: Fix null pointer dereference in tiff2pdf [bsc#1247581]\n  * CVE-2025-8176: Fix heap use-after-free in tools/tiffmedian.c [bsc#1247108]\n  * CVE-2025-8177: Fix possible buffer overflow in tools/thumbnail.c:setrow()  [bsc#1247106]\n\n- Fix TIFFMergeFieldInfo() read_count=write_count=0 (bsc#1243503)\n\n","status":"published","published":"2025-11-19T09:41:55Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:51:08.340564Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:59.92114Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:21032-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\ntiff was updated to 4.7.1:\n\n* Software configuration changes:\n\n  * Define HAVE_JPEGTURBO_DUAL_MODE_8_12 and LERC_STATIC in tif_config.h.\n  * CMake: define WORDS_BIGENDIAN via tif_config.h\n  * doc/CMakeLists.txt: remove useless cmake_minimum_required()\n  * CMake: fix build with LLVM/Clang 17 (fixes issue #651)\n  * CMake: set CMP0074 new policy\n  * Set LINKER_LANGUAGE for C targets with C deps\n  * Export tiffxx cmake target (fixes issue #674)\n  * autogen.sh: Enable verbose wget.\n  * configure.ac: Syntax updates for Autoconf 2.71\n  * autogen.sh: Re-implement based on autoreconf. Failure to update\n    config.guess/config.sub does not return error (fixes issue #672)\n  * CMake: fix CMake 4.0 warning when minimum required version is \u003c 3.10.\n  * CMake: Add build option tiff-static (fixes issue #709)\n  Library changes:\n  * Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetWarnAboutUnknownTags() for explicit control\n    about emitting warnings for unknown tags. No longer emit warnings\n    about unknown tags by default\n  * tif_predict.c: speed-up decompression in some cases.\n\n* Bug fixes:\n\n  * tif_fax3: For fax group 3 data if no EOL is detected, reading is\n    retried without synchronisation for EOLs. (fixes issue #54)\n  * Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Improving handling when field_name = NULL. (fixes issue #532)\n  * tiff.h: add COMPRESSION_JXL_DNG_1_7=52546 as used for JPEGXL compression in\n    the DNG 1.7 specification\n  * TIFFWriteDirectorySec: Increment string length for ASCII tags for codec tags\n    defined with FIELD_xxx bits, as it is done for FIELD_CUSTOM tags. (fixes issue #648)\n  * Do not error out on a tag whose tag count value is zero, just issue a warning.\n    Fix parsing a private tag 0x80a6 (fixes issue #647)\n  * TIFFDefaultTransferFunction(): give up beyond td_bitspersample = 24\n    Fixes https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/10875)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Remove unnecessary calls to TIFFRGBAImageOK() (fixes issue #175)\n  * Fix writing a Predictor=3 file with non-native endianness\n  * _TIFFVSetField(): fix potential use of unallocated memory (out-of-bounds\n  * read / nullptr dereference) in case of out-of-memory situation when dealing with\n    custom tags (fixes issue #663)\n  * tif_fax3.c: Error out for CCITT fax encoding if SamplesPerPixel is not equal 1 and\n    PlanarConfiguration = Contiguous (fixes issue #26)\n  * tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-line or unexpected bad code\n    words have been reached. (fixes issue #670)\n  * Fix memory leak in TIFFSetupStrips() (fixes issue #665)\n  * tif_zip.c: Provide zlib allocation functions. Otherwise for zlib built with\n    -DZ_SOLO inflating will fail.\n  * Fix memory leak in _TIFFSetDefaultCompressionState. (fixes issue #676)\n  * tif_predict.c: Don’t overwrite input buffer of TIFFWriteScanline() if \"prediction\"\n    is enabled. Use extra working buffer in PredictorEncodeRow(). (fixes issue #5)\n  * tif_getimage.c: update some integer overflow checks (fixes issue #79)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Fix buffer underflow crash for less raster rows at\n    TIFFReadRGBAImageOriented() (fixes issue #704, bsc#1250413, CVE-2025-9900)\n  * TIFFReadRGBAImage(): several fixes to avoid buffer overflows.\n  * Correct passing arguments to TIFFCvtIEEEFloatToNative() and TIFFCvtIEEEDoubleToNative()\n    if HAVE_IEEEFP is not defined. (fixes issue #699)\n  * LZWDecode(): avoid nullptr dereference when trying to read again after EOI marker\n    has been found with remaining output bytes (fixes issue #698)\n  * TIFFSetSubDirectory(): check _TIFFCheckDirNumberAndOffset() return.\n  * TIFFUnlinkDirectory() and TIFFWriteDirectorySec(): clear tif_rawcp when clearing\n    tif_rawdata (fixes issue #711)\n  * JPEGEncodeRaw(): error out if a previous scanline failed to be written, to avoid\n    out-of-bounds access (fixes issue #714)\n  * tif_jpeg: Fix bug in JPEGDecodeRaw() if JPEG_LIB_MK1_OR_12BIT is defined for 8/12bit\n    dual mode, introduced in libjpeg-turbo 2.2, which was actually released as 3.0.\n    Fixes issue #717\n  * add assert for TIFFReadCustomDirectory infoarray check.\n  * ppm2tiff: Fix bug in pack_words trailing bytes, where last two bytes of each line\n    were written wrongly. (fixes issue #467)\n  * fax2ps: fix regression of commit 28c38d648b64a66c3218778c4745225fe3e3a06d where\n    TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC is being used rather than an output buffer (fixes issue #649)\n  * tiff2pdf: Check TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH and TIFFTAGTILEWIDTH (fixes issue #650)\n  * tiff2pdf: check h_samp and v_samp for range 1 to 4 to avoid division by zero.\n    Fixes issue #654\n  * tiff2pdf: avoid null pointer dereference. (fixes issue #741)\n  * Improve non-secure integer overflow check (comparison of division result with\n    multiplicant) at compiler optimisation in tiffcp, rgb2ycbcr and tiff2rgba.\n    Fixes issue #546\n  * tiff2rgba: fix some \"a partial expression can generate an overflow before it is\n    assigned to a broader type\" warnings. (fixes issue #682)\n  * tiffdither/tiffmedian: Don't skip the first line of the input image. (fixes issue #703)\n  * tiffdither: avoid out-of-bounds read identified in issue #733\n  * tiffmedian: error out if TIFFReadScanline() fails (fixes issue #707)\n  * tiffmedian: close input file. (fixes issue #735)\n  * thumbail: avoid potential out of bounds access (fixes issue #715)\n  * tiffcrop: close open TIFF files and release allocated buffers before exiting in case\n    of error to avoid memory leaks. (fixes issue #716)\n  * tiffcrop: fix double-free and memory leak exposed by issue #721\n  * tiffcrop: avoid buffer overflow. (fixes issue #740)\n  * tiffcrop: avoid nullptr dereference. (fixes issue #734)\n  * tiffdump: Fix coverity scan issue CID 1373365: Passing tainted expression *datamem\n    to PrintData, which uses it as a divisor or modulus.\n  * tiff2ps: check return of TIFFGetFiled() for TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS and\n    TIFFTAG_TILEBYTECOUNTS to avoid NULL pointer dereference. (fixes issue #718)\n  * tiffcmp: fix memory leak when second file cannot be opened. (fixes issue #718 and issue #729)\n  * tiffcp: fix setting compression level for lossless codecs. (fixes issue #730)\n  * raw2tiff: close input file before exit (fixes issue #742)\n  Tools changes:\n  * tiffinfo: add a -W switch to warn about unknown tags.\n  * tiffdither: process all pages in input TIFF file.\n\n* Documentation:\n\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added for incorrect saving of images with TIFF orientation\n    from 5 (LeftTop) to 8 (LeftBottom) in the raster.\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added about un-associated alpha handling (fixes issue #67)\n  * Update \"Defining New TIFF Tags\" description. (fixes issue #642)\n  * Fix return type of TIFFReadEncodedTile()\n  * Update the documentation to reflect deprecated typedefs.\n  * TIFFWriteDirectory.rst: Clarify TIFFSetWriteOffset() only sets offset for image\n    data and not for IFD data.\n  * Update documentation on re-entrancy and thread safety.\n  * Remove dead links to no more existing Awaresystems web-site.\n  * Updating BigTIFF specification and some miscelaneous editions.\n  * Replace some last links and remove last todos.\n  * Added hints for correct allocation of TIFFYCbCrtoRGB structure and its\n    associated buffers. (fixes issue #681)\n  * Added chapter to \"Using the TIFF Library\" with links to handling multi-page TIFF\n    and custom directories. (fixes issue #43)\n  * update TIFFOpen.rst with the return values of mapproc and unmapproc. (fixes issue #12)\n\nSecurity issues fixed:\n\n  * CVE-2025-8961: Fix segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility [bsc#1248117]\n  * CVE-2025-8534: Fix null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page [bsc#1247582]\n  * CVE-2025-9165: Fix local execution manipulation can lead to memory leak [bsc#1248330]\n  * CVE-2024-13978: Fix null pointer dereference in tiff2pdf [bsc#1247581]\n  * CVE-2025-8176: Fix heap use-after-free in tools/tiffmedian.c [bsc#1247108]\n  * CVE-2025-8177: Fix possible buffer overflow in tools/thumbnail.c:setrow()  [bsc#1247106]\n\n- Fix TIFFMergeFieldInfo() read_count=write_count=0 (bsc#1243503)\n\n","status":"published","published":"2025-11-19T09:41:55Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:43:08.201144Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:59.92114Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2025:21037-1","title":"Security update for tiff","description":"This update for tiff fixes the following issues:\n\ntiff was updated to 4.7.1:\n\n  Software configuration changes:\n\n  * Define HAVE_JPEGTURBO_DUAL_MODE_8_12 and LERC_STATIC in tif_config.h.\n  * CMake: define WORDS_BIGENDIAN via tif_config.h\n  * doc/CMakeLists.txt: remove useless cmake_minimum_required()\n  * CMake: fix build with LLVM/Clang 17 (fixes issue #651)\n  * CMake: set CMP0074 new policy\n  * Set LINKER_LANGUAGE for C targets with C deps\n  * Export tiffxx cmake target (fixes issue #674)\n  * autogen.sh: Enable verbose wget.\n  * configure.ac: Syntax updates for Autoconf 2.71\n  * autogen.sh: Re-implement based on autoreconf. Failure to update\n    config.guess/config.sub does not return error (fixes issue #672)\n  * CMake: fix CMake 4.0 warning when minimum required version is \u003c 3.10.\n  * CMake: Add build option tiff-static (fixes issue #709)\n\n  Library changes:\n\n  * Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetWarnAboutUnknownTags() for explicit control\n    about emitting warnings for unknown tags. No longer emit warnings\n    about unknown tags by default\n  * tif_predict.c: speed-up decompression in some cases.\n\n  Bug fixes:\n\n  * tif_fax3: For fax group 3 data if no EOL is detected, reading is\n    retried without synchronisation for EOLs. (fixes issue #54)\n  * Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Updating TIFFMergeFieldInfo() with read_count=write_count=0 for\n    FIELD_IGNORE. Improving handling when field_name = NULL. (fixes issue #532)\n  * tiff.h: add COMPRESSION_JXL_DNG_1_7=52546 as used for JPEGXL compression in\n    the DNG 1.7 specification\n  * TIFFWriteDirectorySec: Increment string length for ASCII tags for codec tags\n    defined with FIELD_xxx bits, as it is done for FIELD_CUSTOM tags. (fixes issue #648)\n  * Do not error out on a tag whose tag count value is zero, just issue a warning.\n    Fix parsing a private tag 0x80a6 (fixes issue #647)\n  * TIFFDefaultTransferFunction(): give up beyond td_bitspersample = 24 \n    Fixes https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/10875)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Remove unnecessary calls to TIFFRGBAImageOK() (fixes issue #175)\n  * Fix writing a Predictor=3 file with non-native endianness\n  * _TIFFVSetField(): fix potential use of unallocated memory (out-of-bounds\n  * read / nullptr dereference) in case of out-of-memory situation when dealing with\n    custom tags (fixes issue #663)\n  * tif_fax3.c: Error out for CCITT fax encoding if SamplesPerPixel is not equal 1 and\n    PlanarConfiguration = Contiguous (fixes issue #26)\n  * tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-line or unexpected bad code\n    words have been reached. (fixes issue #670)\n  * Fix memory leak in TIFFSetupStrips() (fixes issue #665)\n  * tif_zip.c: Provide zlib allocation functions. Otherwise for zlib built with\n    -DZ_SOLO inflating will fail.\n  * Fix memory leak in _TIFFSetDefaultCompressionState. (fixes issue #676)\n  * tif_predict.c: Don’t overwrite input buffer of TIFFWriteScanline() if \"prediction\"\n    is enabled. Use extra working buffer in PredictorEncodeRow(). (fixes issue #5)\n  * tif_getimage.c: update some integer overflow checks (fixes issue #79)\n  * tif_getimage.c: Fix buffer underflow crash for less raster rows at\n    TIFFReadRGBAImageOriented() (fixes issue #704, bsc#1250413, CVE-2025-9900)\n  * TIFFReadRGBAImage(): several fixes to avoid buffer overflows.\n  * Correct passing arguments to TIFFCvtIEEEFloatToNative() and TIFFCvtIEEEDoubleToNative()\n    if HAVE_IEEEFP is not defined. (fixes issue #699)\n  * LZWDecode(): avoid nullptr dereference when trying to read again after EOI marker\n    has been found with remaining output bytes (fixes issue #698)\n  * TIFFSetSubDirectory(): check _TIFFCheckDirNumberAndOffset() return.\n  * TIFFUnlinkDirectory() and TIFFWriteDirectorySec(): clear tif_rawcp when clearing\n    tif_rawdata (fixes issue #711)\n  * JPEGEncodeRaw(): error out if a previous scanline failed to be written, to avoid\n    out-of-bounds access (fixes issue #714)\n  * tif_jpeg: Fix bug in JPEGDecodeRaw() if JPEG_LIB_MK1_OR_12BIT is defined for 8/12bit\n    dual mode, introduced in libjpeg-turbo 2.2, which was actually released as 3.0.\n    Fixes issue #717\n  * add assert for TIFFReadCustomDirectory infoarray check.\n  * ppm2tiff: Fix bug in pack_words trailing bytes, where last two bytes of each line\n    were written wrongly. (fixes issue #467)\n  * fax2ps: fix regression of commit 28c38d648b64a66c3218778c4745225fe3e3a06d where\n    TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC is being used rather than an output buffer (fixes issue #649)\n  * tiff2pdf: Check TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH and TIFFTAGTILEWIDTH (fixes issue #650)\n  * tiff2pdf: check h_samp and v_samp for range 1 to 4 to avoid division by zero.\n    Fixes issue #654\n  * tiff2pdf: avoid null pointer dereference. (fixes issue #741)\n  * Improve non-secure integer overflow check (comparison of division result with\n    multiplicant) at compiler optimisation in tiffcp, rgb2ycbcr and tiff2rgba.\n    Fixes issue #546\n  * tiff2rgba: fix some \"a partial expression can generate an overflow before it is\n    assigned to a broader type\" warnings. (fixes issue #682)\n  * tiffdither/tiffmedian: Don't skip the first line of the input image. (fixes issue #703)\n  * tiffdither: avoid out-of-bounds read identified in issue #733\n  * tiffmedian: error out if TIFFReadScanline() fails (fixes issue #707)\n  * tiffmedian: close input file. (fixes issue #735)\n  * thumbail: avoid potential out of bounds access (fixes issue #715)\n  * tiffcrop: close open TIFF files and release allocated buffers before exiting in case\n    of error to avoid memory leaks. (fixes issue #716)\n  * tiffcrop: fix double-free and memory leak exposed by issue #721\n  * tiffcrop: avoid buffer overflow. (fixes issue #740)\n  * tiffcrop: avoid nullptr dereference. (fixes issue #734)\n  * tiffdump: Fix coverity scan issue CID 1373365: Passing tainted expression *datamem\n    to PrintData, which uses it as a divisor or modulus.\n  * tiff2ps: check return of TIFFGetFiled() for TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS and\n    TIFFTAG_TILEBYTECOUNTS to avoid NULL pointer dereference. (fixes issue #718)\n  * tiffcmp: fix memory leak when second file cannot be opened. (fixes issue #718 and issue #729)\n  * tiffcp: fix setting compression level for lossless codecs. (fixes issue #730)\n  * raw2tiff: close input file before exit (fixes issue #742)\n\n  Tools changes:\n\n  * tiffinfo: add a -W switch to warn about unknown tags.\n  * tiffdither: process all pages in input TIFF file.\n\n  Documentation:\n\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added for incorrect saving of images with TIFF orientation\n    from 5 (LeftTop) to 8 (LeftBottom) in the raster.\n  * TIFFRGBAImage.rst note added about un-associated alpha handling (fixes issue #67)\n  * Update \"Defining New TIFF Tags\" description. (fixes issue #642)\n  * Fix return type of TIFFReadEncodedTile()\n  * Update the documentation to reflect deprecated typedefs.\n  * TIFFWriteDirectory.rst: Clarify TIFFSetWriteOffset() only sets offset for image\n    data and not for IFD data.\n  * Update documentation on re-entrancy and thread safety.\n  * Remove dead links to no more existing Awaresystems web-site.\n  * Updating BigTIFF specification and some miscelaneous editions.\n  * Replace some last links and remove last todos.\n  * Added hints for correct allocation of TIFFYCbCrtoRGB structure and its\n    associated buffers. (fixes issue #681)\n  * Added chapter to \"Using the TIFF Library\" with links to handling multi-page TIFF\n    and custom directories. (fixes issue #43)\n  * update TIFFOpen.rst with the return values of mapproc and unmapproc. (fixes issue #12)\n\n* CVE-2025-8961: Fix segmentation fault via main function of tiffcrop utility [bsc#1248117]\n* CVE-2025-8534: Fix null pointer dereference in function PS_Lvl2page [bsc#1247582]\n* CVE-2025-9165: Fix local execution manipulation can lead to memory leak [bsc#1248330]\n* CVE-2024-13978: Fix null pointer dereference in tiff2pdf [bsc#1247581]\n    \n  Fix TIFFMergeFieldInfo() read_count=write_count=0 (bsc#1243503)\n\n* CVE-2025-8176: Fix heap use-after-free in tools/tiffmedian.c [bsc#1247108]\n* CVE-2025-8177: Fix possible buffer overflow in tools/thumbnail.c:setrow()  [bsc#1247106]\n\n*Fix memory leaks (bsc#1236834)\n\nUpdate to 4.7.0:\n\n  * This version restores in the default build the availability of\n    the tools that had been dropped in v4.6.0\n    See https://libtiff.gitlab.io/libtiff/rfcs/rfc2_restoring_needed_tools.html#rfc2-restoring-needed-tools\n  * Software configuration changes:\n\n    + autoconf build: configure.ac: avoid -Werror passed to CFLAGS to interfere with feature detection\n    + autoconf build: fix error when running make clean (fixes issue #630)\n    + autoconf build: back off the minimum required automake version to 1.11\n    + autoconf.ac: fix detection of windows.h for mingw (fixes issue #605)\n    + libtiff-4.pc: Fix Requires.private missing Lerc. It provides a .pc file\n      starting from version 4 (in autoconf builds, we assume that liblerc is at least version 4)\n    + CMake: Fix TIFF_INCLUDE_DIRS\n    + CMake: MinGW compilers don't need a .def file for shared library\n    + CMake: move libdeflate and Lerc to Requires.private\n    + CMake: enable resource compilation on all Windows.\n\n  * Library changes:\n\n    + Add TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxCumulatedMemAlloc(). This function complements\n      TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxSingleMemAlloc() to define the maximum cumulated memory\n      allocations in byte, for a given TIFF handle, that libtiff internal memory\n      allocation functions are allowed. \n    + TIFFWriteDirectory(): Avoid overwriting following data if an IFD is enlarged.\n    + TIFFXYZToRGB: avoid integer overflow (fixes issue #644)\n    + uv_decode() and uv_encode(): avoid potential out-of-bounds array index (fixes issue #645)\n    + Fix cases where tif_curdir is set incorrectly. Fix cases where the current directory number (tif_curdir)\n      is set inconsistently or incorrectly, depending on the previous history.\n    + TIFFRead[Scanline/EncodedStrip/EncodeTile]: 0-initialize output buffer if setupdecode fails ;\n      most codecs: zero-initialize (not-yet-written parts of) output buffer if failure (fixes issue #375)\n    + OJPEG: reset subsampling_convert_state=0 in OJPEGPreDecode (fixes issue #183)\n    + ThunderRLE: fix failure when decoding last run. Bug seen with GhostPDL\n    + LERC codec: deal with issues with multi-band PlanarConfig=Contig and NaN values\n    + tif_fax3.c: error out after a number of times end-of-file has been reached (fixes issue #583)\n    + LZW: avoid warning about misaligned address with UBSAN (fixes issue #616)\n    + TIFFReadRGBAStrip/TIFFReadRGBATile: add more validation of col/row (fixes issue #622, CVE-2023-52356)\n    + tif_dirread.c: only issue TIFFGetFileSize() for large enough RAM requests\n    + Avoid FPEs (division by zero) in tif_getimage.c.\n    + Avoiding FPE (division by zero) for TIFFhowmany_32() and TIFFhowmany_64() macros by checking for\n      denominator not zero before macros are executed. (fixes issue #628)\n    + Add non-zero check before division in TIFFComputeStrip()\n    + Fix wrong return of TIFFIsBigTIFF() in case byte-swapping is active\n    + Setting the TIFFFieldInfo field set_field_type should consider field_writecount not field_readcount\n    + Avoid memory leaks when using TIFFCreateDirectory() by releasing the allocated memory in the tif-structure.\n    + For non-terminated ASCII arrays, the buffer is first enlarged before a NULL is set at the end to\n      avoid deleting the last character. (fixes issue #579)\n    + Check return value of _TIFFCreateAnonField(). (fixes issue #624, CVE-2024-7006)\n    + Prevent some out-of-memory attacks (https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/issues/614#note_1602683857)\n    + Ensure absolute seeking is forced independent of TIFFReadDirectory success. (fixes issue #618)\n    + tif_dirinfo.c: re-enable TIFFTAG_EP_CFAREPEATPATTERNDIM and TIFFTAG_EP_CFAPATTERN tags (fixes issue #608)\n    + Fix warnings with GCC 14\n    + tif_dir.c: Log source file, line number, and input tif for directory count error (fixes issue #627)\n    + Last usage of get_field_type of TIFFField structure at TIFFWriteDirectorySec() changed to using set_field_type.\n    + tif_jpeg.c/tif_ojpeg.c: remove likely ifdef tricks related to old compilers or unusual setups\n    + Remove _TIFFUInt64ToFloat() and _TIFFUInt64ToDouble()\n    + Remove support for _MSC_VER \u003c 1500.\n    + Use #ifdef _WIN32 to test for Windows, and tiffio.h: remove definition of __WIN32__\n\n  * Documentation:\n\n    + Amend manpages for changes in current directory index behaviour\n    + Note on using TIFFFlush() before TIFFClose() to check that the data has been successfully written to the file. (fixes issue #506)\n    + Update TIFF documentation about TIFFOpenOptions.rst and TIFFOpenOptionsSetMaxSingleMemAlloc() usage and some other small fixes (relates to CVE-2024-7006)\n\n  * Re-added tools:\n\n    + fax2ps\n    + fax2tiff\n    + pal2rgb\n    + ppm2tiff\n    + raw2tiff\n    + rgb2ycbcr (not installed)\n    + thumbnail (not installed)\n    + tiff2bw\n    + tiff2rgba\n    + tiffcmp\n    + tiffcrop\n    + tiffdither\n    + tiffgt\n    + tiffmedian\n    + tiff2ps\n    + tiff2pdf\n\n  * New/improved functionality:\n\n     + tiff2rgba: Add background gradient option for alpha compositing\n     + tiffcp: -i flag restored\n\n  * Bug fixes for tools:\n\n    + tiffcrop: address Coverity scan issues 1605444, 1605445, and 16054\n    + tiffcrop: Apply \"Fix heap-buffer-overflow in function extractImageSection\"\n    + tiffcrop: fix buffer overflows, use after free (fixes issue #542, issue #550, issue #552)\n    + tiff2pdf: address Coverity scan issues\n    + tiff2pdf: fix inconsistent PLANARCONFIG value for the input and output TIFF\n    + tiff2pdf: fix issue with JPEG restart-interval marker when converting from JPEG-compressed files (fixes issue #539)\n    + tiff2pdf: red and blue were being swapped for RGBA decoding (fixes issue #253)\n    + tiff2pdf: fixes issue #596\n    + thumbnail: address Coverity scan issues\n    + tiffcp: Add check for limitMalloc return to fix Coverity 1603334\n    + tiffcp: preserve TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE when doing YCbCr JPEG -\u003e YCbCr JPEG\n    + tiffcp: replace PHOTOMETRIC_YCBCR with PHOTOMETRIC_RGB when outputing to compression != JPEG (refs issue #571)\n    + tiffcp: do not copy tags YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS, YCBCRSUBSAMPLING, YCBCRPOSITIONING, REFERENCEBLACKWHITE. Only set YCBCRSUBSAMPLING when generating YCbCr JPEG\n    + tiffcp: Check also codec of input image, not only from output image (fixes issue #606)\n    + Add some basic sanity checks for tiffcp and tiffcrop RGB-\u003eYCbCr JPEG conversions.\n    + fax2ps and fax2tiff: memory leak fixes (fixes issue #476)\n    + tiffmedian: memory leak fixes (fixes issue #599)\n    + fax2tiff: fix EOFB interpretation (fixes issue #191)\n    + fax2tiff: fix issue with unreasonable width input (fixes issue #249)\n    + tiffcp and tiffcrop: fixes issue #228\n    + tiff2rgba: fixes issue #469\n    + tiffdither: fixes issue #473\n    + tiffdump: fix wrong printf formatter in error message (Coverity 1472932)\n    + tiffset: avoid false positive Coverity Scan warning on 64-bit builds (Coverity 1518997)\n    + tifcp/tiffset: use correct format specifiers\n\n\n","status":"published","published":"2025-11-10T14:45:27Z","modified":"2026-03-23T04:50:19.109065Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:59.92114Z"},{"id":"USN-7707-1","title":"tiff vulnerabilities","description":"It was discovered that LibTIFF incorrectly handled certain memory\noperations when using tiffmedian tool. An attacker could trick a user into\nprocessing a specially crafted tiff image file and potentially use this\nissue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2025-8176)\n\nIt was discovered that LibTIFF did not properly perform bounds checking\nin certain operations when using thumbnail tool. An attacker could trick\na user into processing a specially crafted tiff image file and\npotentially use this issue to cause a denial of service. This issue only\naffected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2025-8177)\n\nIt was discovered that LibTIFF incorrectly handled certain memory        \noperations when using tiff2ps tool. An attacker could trick a user into\nprocessing a specially crafted tiff image file and potentially use this\nissue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2025-8534)\n\nIt was discovered that LibTIFF did not properly perform bounds checking  \nin certain operations when using tiffcrop tool. An attacker could trick  \na user into processing a specially crafted tiff image file and            \npotentially use this issue to cause a denial of service. (CVE-2025-8851)","status":"published","published":"2025-08-20T14:45:30Z","modified":"2026-06-25T13:32:30.720484349Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:21.91885Z"}]}}