{"id":"CVE-2026-111225","aliases":["EUVD-2026-102337","GHSA-643j-4p8v-85c8"],"status":"published","title":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh","description":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":2.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"low","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.06207,"percentile":0.93615,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-78"],"published":"2026-10-15T18:46:25Z","modified":"2026-10-19T20:43:14Z","products":[{"vendor":"netgate","product":"pfsense ce"},{"vendor":"pfsense","product":"pfsense"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn","tags":["exploit","technical-description","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers","tags":["technical-description","Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62","tags":["technical-description","Product"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111225"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-643j-4p8v-85c8"}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-111225","title":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh","description":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z","modified":"2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":2.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"low","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:15.34316Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-102337","description":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T18:46:25Z","modified":"2026-10-15T19:48:58Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":2.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"low"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:00:10.305867Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-643j-4p8v-85c8","title":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn...","description":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T21:36:11Z","modified":"2026-10-15T21:36:16Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":2.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:13:49.297576Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-111225","description":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T19:17:35.23Z","modified":"2026-10-19T20:43:14.06Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":2.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"low","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:59.751798Z"}]}}