{"id":"CVE-2026-116786","aliases":["EUVD-2026-117710","GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj"],"status":"published","title":"FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia","description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00452,"percentile":0.39767,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"published":"2026-11-05T19:25:23Z","modified":"2026-11-10T18:56:23Z","products":[{"vendor":"freeswitch","product":"freeswitch"},{"vendor":"signalwire","product":"freeswitch"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","Mitigation","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/116xxx/CVE-2026-116786.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-116786","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-116786","title":"FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia","description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-05T19:25:23.486Z","modified":"2026-11-09T18:04:42.867Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-09T19:34:28.960398Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-117710","description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-05T19:25:23Z","modified":"2026-11-09T18:04:42Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-09T19:17:50.030863Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-116786","description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-05T20:17:45.9Z","modified":"2026-11-10T18:56:23.553Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-10T20:21:08.549394Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-116786","title":"FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia","description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-05T19:25:23.486Z","modified":"2026-11-12T07:04:11.92078816Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-07T03:08:01.156605Z"}]}}