{"id":"CVE-2026-27602","aliases":["EUVD-2026-15951","GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m","PYSEC-2026-2223"],"status":"published","title":"Modoboa has an OS Command Injection","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00588,"percentile":0.48632,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-78"],"published":"2026-03-25T17:03:37Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:28Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"modoboa","fixed_in":["2.7.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"modoboa","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"2.7.0"},{"fixed":"2.7.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"modoboa","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.7.1"}]}],"versions":["0.7.0","1.10.0","1.10.1","1.10.2","1.10.3","1.10.4","1.10.5","1.10.6","1.10.7","1.11.0","1.11.1","1.12.0","1.12.1","1.12.2","1.13.0","1.13.1","1.14.0","1.15.0","1.16.0","1.16.1","1.17.0","1.2.0","1.2.0-rc2","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.3.2","1.3.3","1.3.4","1.3.5","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.4.5","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.2","1.5.3","1.6.0","1.6.1","1.6.2","1.6.3","1.7.0","1.7.1","1.7.2","1.7.3","1.7.4","1.8.0","1.8.1","1.8.2","1.8.3","1.9.0","1.9.1","2.0.0","2.0.0b1","2.0.0b2","2.0.0b3","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.4","2.0.5","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.1.2.dev0","2.1.3.dev0","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.3.0","2.3.0b1","2.3.0b2","2.3.0b3","2.3.0b4","2.3.1","2.3.2","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.5","2.3.6","2.4.0","2.4.1","2.4.10","2.4.11","2.4.2","2.4.3","2.4.4","2.4.5","2.4.6","2.4.7","2.4.8","2.4.9","2.5.0","2.5.1","2.6.0","2.6.1","2.6.2","2.6.3","2.6.4","2.6.5","2.7.0"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"modoboa","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.7.1"}]}],"versions":["0.7.0","1.10.0","1.10.1","1.10.2","1.10.3","1.10.4","1.10.5","1.10.6","1.10.7","1.11.0","1.11.1","1.12.0","1.12.1","1.12.2","1.13.0","1.13.1","1.14.0","1.15.0","1.16.0","1.16.1","1.17.0","1.2.0","1.2.0-rc2","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.3.2","1.3.3","1.3.4","1.3.5","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.4.5","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.2","1.5.3","1.6.0","1.6.1","1.6.2","1.6.3","1.7.0","1.7.1","1.7.2","1.7.3","1.7.4","1.8.0","1.8.1","1.8.2","1.8.3","1.9.0","1.9.1","2.0.0","2.0.0b1","2.0.0b2","2.0.0b3","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.3","2.0.4","2.0.5","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.1.2.dev0","2.1.3.dev0","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.3.0","2.3.0b1","2.3.0b2","2.3.0b3","2.3.0b4","2.3.1","2.3.2","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.5","2.3.6","2.4.0","2.4.1","2.4.10","2.4.11","2.4.2","2.4.3","2.4.4","2.4.5","2.4.6","2.4.7","2.4.8","2.4.9","2.5.0","2.5.1","2.6.0","2.6.1","2.6.2","2.6.3","2.6.4","2.6.5","2.7.0"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"modoboa","product":"modoboa"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/security/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web","evidence"]},{"url":"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/27a7aa133d3608fe8c25ae39125d1012c333cbfa","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/releases/tag/2.7.1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Product","Release Notes","web","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27602","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/27xxx/CVE-2026-27602.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-27602","title":"Modoboa has an OS Command Injection","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T18:49:25.825Z","modified":"2026-03-26T15:38:37.459Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:49.199185Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-15951","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T18:49:25Z","modified":"2026-03-26T15:38:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:25:28.18595Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m","title":"Modoboa has OS Command Injection","description":"### Summary\n\n`exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server.\n\n### Details\n\nThe root cause is in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py:31`:\n\n```python\nkwargs[\"shell\"] = True\nprocess = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)\n```\n\nWhen a create a domain is created with DKIM enabled, the domain name gets embedded into a shell command like this:\n\n```python\nexec_cmd(f\"openssl genrsa -out {dkim_storage_dir}/{domain.name}.pem {key_size}\")\n```\n\nIf the domain name contains something like `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com`, the shell executes the injected command before running openssl.\n\nThe same pattern appears in several other places:\n\n- `modoboa/admin/jobs.py:38` — mailbox rename via `mv` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/amavis/lib.py:202` — `sa-learn` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/admin/models/mailbox.py:150` — `doveadm user` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/maillog/graphics.py:105–107` — `rrdtool` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/webmail/models.py:54–57` — `doveadm move/delete` using `account.email`\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Deploy modoboa \u003c= 2.7.0\n2. Log in as a Reseller or SuperAdmin\n3. Create a new domain named `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com` with DKIM enabled\n4. SSH into the server and read `/tmp/proof`\n\nSomething like this will be displayed:\n\n```\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n```\n\nConfirmed on commit b521bcb4f (latest main at time of discovery).\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker with Reseller-level access (or higher) can execute arbitrary OS commands on the mail server — in a typical Modoboa deployment this means running as root. All six identified sinks are reachable through normal application workflows.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T17:03:37Z","modified":"2026-03-27T22:08:53Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:44.97342Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-27602","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T19:16:48.43Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:27:22.557Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:11.077116Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-27602","title":"Modoboa has an OS Command Injection","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T18:49:25.825Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:28.376524482Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:00.180685Z"},{"id":"GHSA-wwv8-cqpr-vx3m","title":"Modoboa has OS Command Injection","description":"### Summary\n\n`exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server.\n\n### Details\n\nThe root cause is in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py:31`:\n\n```python\nkwargs[\"shell\"] = True\nprocess = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)\n```\n\nWhen a create a domain is created with DKIM enabled, the domain name gets embedded into a shell command like this:\n\n```python\nexec_cmd(f\"openssl genrsa -out {dkim_storage_dir}/{domain.name}.pem {key_size}\")\n```\n\nIf the domain name contains something like `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com`, the shell executes the injected command before running openssl.\n\nThe same pattern appears in several other places:\n\n- `modoboa/admin/jobs.py:38` — mailbox rename via `mv` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/amavis/lib.py:202` — `sa-learn` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/admin/models/mailbox.py:150` — `doveadm user` using `full_address`\n- `modoboa/maillog/graphics.py:105–107` — `rrdtool` using `domain.name`\n- `modoboa/webmail/models.py:54–57` — `doveadm move/delete` using `account.email`\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Deploy modoboa \u003c= 2.7.0\n2. Log in as a Reseller or SuperAdmin\n3. Create a new domain named `$(id\u003e/tmp/proof).example.com` with DKIM enabled\n4. SSH into the server and read `/tmp/proof`\n\nSomething like this will be displayed:\n\n```\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n```\n\nConfirmed on commit b521bcb4f (latest main at time of discovery).\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker with Reseller-level access (or higher) can execute arbitrary OS commands on the mail server — in a typical Modoboa deployment this means running as root. All six identified sinks are reachable through normal application workflows.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T17:03:37Z","modified":"2026-07-13T07:26:17.517550624Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:59.131095Z"},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-2223","description":"Modoboa is a mail hosting and management platform. Prior to version 2.7.1, `exec_cmd()` in `modoboa/lib/sysutils.py` always runs subprocess calls with `shell=True`. Since domain names flow directly into shell command strings without any sanitization, a Reseller or SuperAdmin can include shell metacharacters in a domain name to run arbitrary OS commands on the server. Version 2.7.1 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-25T19:16:48.43Z","modified":"2026-07-13T07:15:37.255893685Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:55.537808Z"}]}}