{"id":"CVE-2026-28449","aliases":["EUVD-2026-13011","GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00283,"percentile":0.21113,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-294"],"published":"2026-03-03T23:08:55Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:04Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","fixed_in":["2026.2.25"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"2026.2.24"},{"fixed":"2026.2.25"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.2.25"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w","tags":["vendor-advisory","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d512163d686ad6741783e7119ddb3437f493dbbc","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-webhook-replay-attack-via-missing-durable-replay-suppression","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28449","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28449.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28449","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:45.387Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:12.343Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:02.290587Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-13011","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:45Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:12Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:32.768333Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w","title":"OpenClaw's Nextcloud Talk webhook replay could trigger duplicate inbound processing","description":"### Summary\nWhen Nextcloud Talk webhook signing was valid, replayed requests could be accepted without durable replay suppression, allowing duplicate inbound processing after replay-window expiry or process restart.\n\n### Details\nOpenClaw's Nextcloud Talk webhook path verified `HMAC(secret, random + body)` but previously lacked durable replay state tied to webhook events. This allowed replay of a previously valid signed request in some operational conditions.\n\nThe fix on `main` adds:\n- persistent per-account replay dedupe for Nextcloud Talk webhook events,\n- replay checks before webhook side effects (`onMessage`),\n- backend-origin validation against configured account base URL (when configured).\n\n### Impact\nA captured valid signed webhook request could be replayed to trigger duplicate inbound handling. This is an integrity/availability issue (duplicate actions/noise), scoped to deployments using Nextcloud Talk webhook integration.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.24`\n- Patched in release: `2026.2.25`\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `d512163d686ad6741783e7119ddb3437f493dbbc`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the release (`2026.2.25`) so once npm release `2026.2.25` is published, advisory is now published.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @aristorechina for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-03T23:08:55Z","modified":"2026-03-19T21:18:55Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:38.524712Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28449","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T02:16:02.39Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:28:39.633Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:09.735529Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28449","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:45.387Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:04.99657401Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:00.530889Z"},{"id":"GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w","title":"OpenClaw's Nextcloud Talk webhook replay could trigger duplicate inbound processing","description":"### Summary\nWhen Nextcloud Talk webhook signing was valid, replayed requests could be accepted without durable replay suppression, allowing duplicate inbound processing after replay-window expiry or process restart.\n\n### Details\nOpenClaw's Nextcloud Talk webhook path verified `HMAC(secret, random + body)` but previously lacked durable replay state tied to webhook events. This allowed replay of a previously valid signed request in some operational conditions.\n\nThe fix on `main` adds:\n- persistent per-account replay dedupe for Nextcloud Talk webhook events,\n- replay checks before webhook side effects (`onMessage`),\n- backend-origin validation against configured account base URL (when configured).\n\n### Impact\nA captured valid signed webhook request could be replayed to trigger duplicate inbound handling. This is an integrity/availability issue (duplicate actions/noise), scoped to deployments using Nextcloud Talk webhook integration.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.24`\n- Patched in release: `2026.2.25`\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `d512163d686ad6741783e7119ddb3437f493dbbc`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the release (`2026.2.25`) so once npm release `2026.2.25` is published, advisory is now published.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @aristorechina for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-03T23:08:55Z","modified":"2026-03-19T21:41:20.7406Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:55.480549Z"}]}}