{"id":"CVE-2026-28460","aliases":["EUVD-2026-13013","GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862","GHSA-xrgv-34cc-q765"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Shell Line-Continuation Command Substitution in system.run","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00466,"percentile":0.40893,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-78","CWE-863"],"published":"2026-03-03T19:53:22Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:04Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","fixed_in":["2026.2.22"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.2.22"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.2.22"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862","tags":["vendor-advisory","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/3f0b9dbb36c86e308267924c0d3d4a4e1fc4d1e9","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-allowlist-bypass-via-shell-line-continuation-command-substitution-in-system-run","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28460","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xrgv-34cc-q765"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28460.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28460","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Shell Line-Continuation Command Substitution in system.run","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46.135Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:13.053Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:02.290587Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-13013","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:13Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:32.768333Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-xrgv-34cc-q765","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw's system.run allowlist bypass via shell line-continuation command substitution","description":"## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-03-19T03:30:57Z","modified":"2026-03-19T16:25:35Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":5.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:37.554665Z"},{"id":"GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862","title":"OpenClaw's system.run allowlist bypass via shell line-continuation command substitution","description":"### Summary\nIn OpenClaw `system.run` allowlist mode, shell-wrapper analysis could be bypassed by splitting command substitution as `$\\\\` + newline + `(` inside double quotes. Analysis treated the payload as allowlisted (for example `/bin/echo`), while shell runtime folded the line continuation into `$(...)` and executed non-allowlisted subcommands.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: npm `openclaw`\n- Latest published affected version: `2026.2.21-2`\n- Affected range: `\u003c=2026.2.21-2`\n- Patched version (planned next release): `2026.2.22`\n\n### Impact\nIn deployments that opt into `tools.exec.security=allowlist` (with `ask=on-miss` or `off`), this can bypass approval boundaries and lead to unintended command execution.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `3f0b9dbb36c86e308267924c0d3d4a4e1fc4d1e9`\n\n### Remediation\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.22` (or newer) when published.\n- Temporary mitigation: set `tools.exec.ask=always` or `tools.exec.security=deny`.\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to planned next release `2026.2.22`. After npm release is out, this advisory should be ready for direct publish without additional metadata edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-03T19:53:22Z","modified":"2026-03-19T21:21:48Z","cwes":["CWE-78","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:38.524712Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28460","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T02:16:02.603Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:28:40.947Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":8.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:09.735529Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28460","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Shell Line-Continuation Command Substitution in system.run","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46.135Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:04.759074884Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:00.530889Z"},{"id":"GHSA-xrgv-34cc-q765","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw's system.run allowlist bypass via shell line-continuation command substitution","description":"## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nOpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security analysis by injecting $\\\\ followed by a newline and opening parenthesis inside double quotes, causing the shell to fold the line continuation into executable command substitution that circumvents approval boundaries.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-03-19T03:30:57Z","modified":"2026-03-19T16:32:23.566661Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":6,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:00.198893Z"},{"id":"GHSA-9868-vxmx-w862","title":"OpenClaw's system.run allowlist bypass via shell line-continuation command substitution","description":"### Summary\nIn OpenClaw `system.run` allowlist mode, shell-wrapper analysis could be bypassed by splitting command substitution as `$\\\\` + newline + `(` inside double quotes. Analysis treated the payload as allowlisted (for example `/bin/echo`), while shell runtime folded the line continuation into `$(...)` and executed non-allowlisted subcommands.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: npm `openclaw`\n- Latest published affected version: `2026.2.21-2`\n- Affected range: `\u003c=2026.2.21-2`\n- Patched version (planned next release): `2026.2.22`\n\n### Impact\nIn deployments that opt into `tools.exec.security=allowlist` (with `ask=on-miss` or `off`), this can bypass approval boundaries and lead to unintended command execution.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `3f0b9dbb36c86e308267924c0d3d4a4e1fc4d1e9`\n\n### Remediation\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.22` (or newer) when published.\n- Temporary mitigation: set `tools.exec.ask=always` or `tools.exec.security=deny`.\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to planned next release `2026.2.22`. After npm release is out, this advisory should be ready for direct publish without additional metadata edits.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-03T19:53:22Z","modified":"2026-03-19T21:41:20.806988Z","cwes":["CWE-78","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:43.524801Z"}]}}