{"id":"CVE-2026-28461","aliases":["EUVD-2026-13014","GHSA-vfw9-h883-6h9x","GHSA-wr6m-jg37-68xh"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key Churn","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00368,"percentile":0.31106,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-400","CWE-770"],"published":"2026-03-02T21:49:51Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:56Z","affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.3.1"}]}],"bundled":2}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-wr6m-jg37-68xh","tags":["vendor-advisory","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unbounded-memory-growth-in-zalo-webhook-via-query-string-key-churn","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28461","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vfw9-h883-6h9x"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28461.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28461","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key Churn","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46.834Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:13.747Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-770"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:01.969981Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-13014","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:14:13Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:32.768333Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-vfw9-h883-6h9x","title":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo...","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T03:30:57Z","modified":"2026-03-19T03:31:03Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-770"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:06:42.326312Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28461","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T02:16:02.81Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:28:41.077Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-770"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:09.735529Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28461","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key Churn","description":"OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-19T01:00:46.834Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:56.967797167Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-770"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:00.530889Z"},{"id":"GHSA-wr6m-jg37-68xh","title":"OpenClaw has unbounded memory growth in Zalo webhook via query-string key churn (unauthenticated DoS)","description":"### Summary\nUnauthenticated requests to a reachable Zalo webhook endpoint could trigger unbounded in-memory key growth by varying query strings on the same valid webhook route.\n\n### Impact\nAn attacker could cause memory pressure and potential process instability or OOM, degrading availability.\n\n### Fix\nWebhook security tracking now normalizes keys to matched webhook path semantics (query excluded) and bounds/prunes tracking state to prevent unbounded growth.\n\n### Affected and Patched Versions\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.26`\n- Patched: `2026.3.1`","status":"published","published":"2026-03-02T21:49:51Z","modified":"2026-04-02T13:26:22.497827652Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:59.131095Z"}]}}