{"id":"CVE-2026-28468","aliases":["EUVD-2026-9914","GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw 2026.1.29-beta.1 \u003c 2026.2.14 - Authentication Bypass in Sandbox Browser Bridge Server","description":"OpenClaw versions 2026.1.29-beta.1 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the sandbox browser bridge server in which it accepts requests without requiring gateway authentication, allowing local attackers to access browser control endpoints. A local attacker can enumerate tabs, retrieve WebSocket URLs, execute JavaScript, and exfiltrate cookies and session data from authenticated browser contexts.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00162,"percentile":0.05406,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-306"],"published":"2026-02-18T17:45:31Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:46Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","fixed_in":["2026.2.14"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"2026.1.29-beta.1"},{"fixed":"2026.2.14"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"2026.1.29-beta.1"},{"fixed":"2026.2.14"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv","tags":["vendor-advisory","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/4711a943e30bc58016247152ba06472dab09d0b0","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6dd6bce997c48752134f2d6ed89b27de01ced7e3","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/cd84885a4ac78eadb7bf321aae98db9519426d67","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-beta-authentication-bypass-in-sandbox-browser-bridge-server","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.14","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28468.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28468","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28468","title":"OpenClaw 2026.1.29-beta.1 \u003c 2026.2.14 - Authentication Bypass in Sandbox Browser Bridge Server","description":"OpenClaw versions 2026.1.29-beta.1 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the sandbox browser bridge server in which it accepts requests without requiring gateway authentication, allowing local attackers to access browser control endpoints. A local attacker can enumerate tabs, retrieve WebSocket URLs, execute JavaScript, and exfiltrate cookies and session data from authenticated browser contexts.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-05T21:59:44.431Z","modified":"2026-03-09T18:00:17.001Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-306"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:02.290587Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-9914","description":"OpenClaw versions 2026.1.29-beta.1 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the sandbox browser bridge server in which it accepts requests without requiring gateway authentication, allowing local attackers to access browser control endpoints. A local attacker can enumerate tabs, retrieve WebSocket URLs, execute JavaScript, and exfiltrate cookies and session data from authenticated browser contexts.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-05T21:59:44Z","modified":"2026-03-09T18:00:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:48:07.128863Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv","title":"OpenClaw has an authentication bypass in sandbox browser bridge server","description":"## Summary\n\nopenclaw could start the sandbox browser bridge server without authentication.\n\nWhen the sandboxed browser is enabled, openclaw runs a local (loopback) HTTP bridge that exposes browser control endpoints (for example `/profiles`, `/tabs`, `/tabs/open`, `/agent/*`). Due to missing auth wiring in the sandbox initialization path, that bridge server accepted requests without requiring gateway auth.\n\n## Impact\n\nA local attacker (any process on the same machine) could access the bridge server port and:\n\n- enumerate open tabs and retrieve CDP WebSocket URLs\n- open/close/navigate tabs\n- execute JavaScript in page contexts via CDP\n- exfiltrate cookies/session data and page contents from authenticated sessions\n\nThis is a localhost-only exposure (CVSS AV:L), but provides full browser-session compromise for sandboxed browser usage.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n- Introduced in: `2026.1.29-beta.1` (first npm release that shipped the sandbox browser bridge)\n- Affected range: `\u003e=2026.1.29-beta.1 \u003c2026.2.14`\n\n## Patched Versions\n\n- `2026.2.14`\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.14` (recommended).\n- Or disable the sandboxed browser (`agents.defaults.sandbox.browser.enabled=false`).\n\n## Fix Details\n\n- The sandbox browser bridge server now always requires auth and enforces the same gateway browser control auth (token/password) that loopback browser clients already use.\n- Additional hardening: bridge server refuses non-loopback binds; local helper servers are bound to loopback.\n- Added regression tests (including unit coverage for per-port bridge auth fallback).\n\nFix commits:\n\n- openclaw/openclaw@4711a943e30bc58016247152ba06472dab09d0b0\n- openclaw/openclaw@6dd6bce997c48752134f2d6ed89b27de01ced7e3\n- openclaw/openclaw@cd84885a4ac78eadb7bf321aae98db9519426d67\n## Credits\n\nThanks to Adnan Jakati (@jackhax) of [Praetorian](https://www.praetorian.com/) for reporting this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-18T17:45:31Z","modified":"2026-03-05T21:50:00Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-306"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:31.060223Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28468","description":"OpenClaw versions 2026.1.29-beta.1 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the sandbox browser bridge server in which it accepts requests without requiring gateway authentication, allowing local attackers to access browser control endpoints. A local attacker can enumerate tabs, retrieve WebSocket URLs, execute JavaScript, and exfiltrate cookies and session data from authenticated browser contexts.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-05T22:16:20.197Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:28:42Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-306"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:07.852448Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-28468","title":"OpenClaw 2026.1.29-beta.1 \u003c 2026.2.14 - Authentication Bypass in Sandbox Browser Bridge Server","description":"OpenClaw versions 2026.1.29-beta.1 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the sandbox browser bridge server in which it accepts requests without requiring gateway authentication, allowing local attackers to access browser control endpoints. A local attacker can enumerate tabs, retrieve WebSocket URLs, execute JavaScript, and exfiltrate cookies and session data from authenticated browser contexts.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-05T21:59:44.431Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:46.701807864Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-306"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:00.530889Z"},{"id":"GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv","title":"OpenClaw has an authentication bypass in sandbox browser bridge server","description":"## Summary\n\nopenclaw could start the sandbox browser bridge server without authentication.\n\nWhen the sandboxed browser is enabled, openclaw runs a local (loopback) HTTP bridge that exposes browser control endpoints (for example `/profiles`, `/tabs`, `/tabs/open`, `/agent/*`). Due to missing auth wiring in the sandbox initialization path, that bridge server accepted requests without requiring gateway auth.\n\n## Impact\n\nA local attacker (any process on the same machine) could access the bridge server port and:\n\n- enumerate open tabs and retrieve CDP WebSocket URLs\n- open/close/navigate tabs\n- execute JavaScript in page contexts via CDP\n- exfiltrate cookies/session data and page contents from authenticated sessions\n\nThis is a localhost-only exposure (CVSS AV:L), but provides full browser-session compromise for sandboxed browser usage.\n\n## Affected Versions\n\n- Introduced in: `2026.1.29-beta.1` (first npm release that shipped the sandbox browser bridge)\n- Affected range: `\u003e=2026.1.29-beta.1 \u003c2026.2.14`\n\n## Patched Versions\n\n- `2026.2.14`\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.14` (recommended).\n- Or disable the sandboxed browser (`agents.defaults.sandbox.browser.enabled=false`).\n\n## Fix Details\n\n- The sandbox browser bridge server now always requires auth and enforces the same gateway browser control auth (token/password) that loopback browser clients already use.\n- Additional hardening: bridge server refuses non-loopback binds; local helper servers are bound to loopback.\n- Added regression tests (including unit coverage for per-port bridge auth fallback).\n\nFix commits:\n\n- openclaw/openclaw@4711a943e30bc58016247152ba06472dab09d0b0\n- openclaw/openclaw@6dd6bce997c48752134f2d6ed89b27de01ced7e3\n- openclaw/openclaw@cd84885a4ac78eadb7bf321aae98db9519426d67\n## Credits\n\nThanks to Adnan Jakati (@jackhax) of [Praetorian](https://www.praetorian.com/) for reporting this issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-02-18T17:45:31Z","modified":"2026-03-05T22:11:20.880121Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-306"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:48.920784Z"}]}}