{"id":"CVE-2026-33170","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2026-33170","EUVD-2026-14624","GHSA-89vf-4333-qx8v","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-33170"],"status":"published","title":"Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00348,"percentile":0.28736,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-79"],"published":"2026-03-23T20:53:28Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:26Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","fixed_in":["8.1.2.1","8.0.4.1","7.2.3.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:7.2.3.1+dfsg-1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.1.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.1.2.1"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.0.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.0.4.1"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"7.2.3.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3"}]}],"versions":["2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u1","2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u2","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-10","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-11","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-12","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-13","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-2","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-2~deb12u1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-3","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-4","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-5","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-6","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-7","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-7~exp1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-8","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-9"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2"}]}],"versions":["2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:7.2.3.1+dfsg-1"}]}],"versions":["2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2","2:7.2.3+dfsg-1","2:7.2.3+dfsg-2","2:7.2.3+dfsg-3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.1.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.1.2.1"}]}],"versions":["8.1.0","8.1.0.beta1","8.1.0.rc1","8.1.1","8.1.2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.0.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.0.4.1"}]}],"versions":["8.0.0","8.0.0.1","8.0.0.beta1","8.0.0.rc1","8.0.0.rc2","8.0.1","8.0.2","8.0.2.1","8.0.3","8.0.4"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activesupport","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"7.2.3.1"}]}],"versions":["1.0.0","1.0.1","1.0.2","1.0.3","1.0.4","1.1.0","1.1.1","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.2.3","1.2.4","1.2.5","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.4.0","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","2.0.0","2.0.1","2.0.2","2.0.4","2.0.5","2.1.0","2.1.1","2.1.2","2.2.2","2.2.3","2.3.10","2.3.11","2.3.12","2.3.14","2.3.15","2.3.16","2.3.17","2.3.18","2.3.2","2.3.3","2.3.4","2.3.5","2.3.6","2.3.6.pre","2.3.7","2.3.8","2.3.8.pre1","2.3.9","2.3.9.pre","3.0.0","3.0.0.beta","3.0.0.beta2","3.0.0.beta3","3.0.0.beta4","3.0.0.rc","3.0.0.rc2","3.0.1","3.0.10","3.0.10.rc1","3.0.11","3.0.12","3.0.12.rc1","3.0.13","3.0.13.rc1","3.0.14","3.0.15","3.0.16","3.0.17","3.0.18","3.0.19","3.0.2","3.0.20","3.0.3","3.0.4","3.0.4.rc1","3.0.5","3.0.5.rc1","3.0.6","3.0.6.rc1","3.0.6.rc2","3.0.7","3.0.7.rc1","3.0.7.rc2","3.0.8","3.0.8.rc1","3.0.8.rc2","3.0.8.rc4","3.0.9","3.0.9.rc1","3.0.9.rc3","3.0.9.rc4","3.0.9.rc5","3.0.pre","3.1.0","3.1.0.beta1","3.1.0.rc1","3.1.0.rc2","3.1.0.rc3","3.1.0.rc4","3.1.0.rc5","3.1.0.rc6","3.1.0.rc8","3.1.1","3.1.1.rc1","3.1.1.rc2","3.1.1.rc3","3.1.10","3.1.11","3.1.12","3.1.2","3.1.2.rc1","3.1.2.rc2","3.1.3","3.1.4","3.1.4.rc1","3.1.5","3.1.5.rc1","3.1.6","3.1.7","3.1.8","3.1.9","3.2.0","3.2.0.rc1","3.2.0.rc2","3.2.1","3.2.10","3.2.11","3.2.12","3.2.13","3.2.13.rc1","3.2.13.rc2","3.2.14","3.2.14.rc1","3.2.14.rc2","3.2.15","3.2.15.rc1","3.2.15.rc2","3.2.15.rc3","3.2.16","3.2.17","3.2.18","3.2.19","3.2.2","3.2.2.rc1","3.2.20","3.2.21","3.2.22","3.2.22.1","3.2.22.2","3.2.22.3","3.2.22.4","3.2.22.5","3.2.3","3.2.3.rc1","3.2.3.rc2","3.2.4","3.2.4.rc1","3.2.5","3.2.6","3.2.7","3.2.7.rc1","3.2.8","3.2.8.rc1","3.2.8.rc2","3.2.9","3.2.9.rc1","3.2.9.rc2","3.2.9.rc3","4.0.0","4.0.0.beta1","4.0.0.rc1","4.0.0.rc2","4.0.1","4.0.1.rc1","4.0.1.rc2","4.0.1.rc3","4.0.1.rc4","4.0.10","4.0.10.rc1","4.0.10.rc2","4.0.11","4.0.11.1","4.0.12","4.0.13","4.0.13.rc1","4.0.2","4.0.3","4.0.4","4.0.4.rc1","4.0.5","4.0.6","4.0.6.rc1","4.0.6.rc2","4.0.6.r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Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/50d732af3b7c8aaf63cbcca0becbc00279b215b7","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/6e8a81108001d58043de9e54a06fca58962fc2db","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/c1ad0e8e1972032f3395853a5e99cea035035beb","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v7.2.3.1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.0.4.1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.1.2.1","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web","report"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33170","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/activesupport/CVE-2026-33170.yml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-89vf-4333-qx8v"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/33xxx/CVE-2026-33170.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-33170","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/rails/rails","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-33170","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-33170","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-33170","title":"Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-23T23:09:48.923Z","modified":"2026-03-25T19:20:28.28Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:08.009733Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-14624","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-23T23:09:48Z","modified":"2026-03-25T19:20:28Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:25:28.569748Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-89vf-4333-qx8v","title":"Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%","description":"### Impact\n`SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS.\n\n### Releases\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was responsibly reported by @ch4n3-yoon","status":"published","published":"2026-03-23T20:53:28Z","modified":"2026-05-13T16:15:44Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:08.003212Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-33170","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-24T00:16:28.287Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:37:04.36Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:10.568062Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-33170","title":"Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-23T23:09:48.923Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:26.478679521Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:01.548715Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-33170","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-24T00:16:28.287Z","modified":"2026-10-08T18:00:07.077879882Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:54.587575Z"},{"id":"GHSA-89vf-4333-qx8v","title":"Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%","description":"### Impact\n`SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS.\n\n### Releases\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was responsibly reported by @ch4n3-yoon","status":"published","published":"2026-03-23T20:53:28Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:38.175334274Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:42.077781Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-33170","description":"Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, `SafeBuffer#%` does not propagate the `@html_unsafe` flag to the newly created buffer. If a `SafeBuffer` is mutated in place (e.g. via `gsub!`) and then formatted with `%` using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports `html_safe? == true`, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-24T00:16:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:58:10.555122593Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:16.036833Z"}]}}